J. Anim Sci.
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Published online first on November 21, 2008
J. Anim Sci. 1910. doi:10.2527/jas.2008-1379
© 2008 American Society of Animal Science
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Association of mitochondrial function and feed efficiency in poultry and livestock species

W. G. Bottje* and G. E. Carstens{dagger}

* Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701 {dagger} Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843

wbottje{at}uark.edu

Abstract

As grain prices have increased dramatically in the past year, understanding the fundamental genetic, cellular, and biochemical mechanisms responsible for feed efficiency (FE; g gain/g feed) or residual feed intake (RFI; an alternative feed efficiency trait that quantifies inter-animal variation in dry matter intake that is unexplained by differences in body weight and growth rate) in livestock and poultry is extremely important with respect to maintaining viable meat production practices in the U.S. Although breed and diet have long been known to affect mitochondrial function, few studies have investigated differences in mitochondrial function and biochemistry due to inter-animal phenotypic differences in FE or RFI (i.e., variation among animals of the same breed and fed the same diet). This paper reviews existing literature on relationships of mitochondrial function and biochemistry with FE and RFI in poultry and livestock. The overall goal of all of this paper is to assist the development of tools (e.g., genetic markers or biomarkers) to aid commercial breeding companies in genetic selection that, in turn, will help maintain viable livestock and poultry industries in the U.S. and around the world.

Key Words: Feed efficiency • mitochondria • residual feed intake






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