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* National Cattlemen's Beef Association, Canyon, TX 79015
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Intervet, Inc., a part of Schering-Plough Corporation Millsboro, DE 19966
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Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
jayden.montgomery{at}targacept.com
Abstract
Experiments were conducted at three U.S. locations (CA, ID, and TX) to determine the effects of dietary zilpaterol hydrochloride (Zilmax, Intervet Inc., a part of Schering-Plough Corporation, Millsboro, DE) and duration of zilpaterol feeding on carcass composition and beef palatability. At each site,160 steers and 160 heifers were stratified within sex by initial BW (study day -1) and assigned randomly within BW strata to one of four treatments in a randomized complete block design (four blocks/treatment for each sex). The four treatments were arranged in a 2 (no zilpaterol vs. zilpaterol) x 2 (20 or 40 days duration of zilpaterol feeding) factorial. When included in the diet, zilpaterol was supplemented at 8.3 mg/kg (DM basis). Each pen consisted of ten animals. After slaughter two carcasses per pen (n = 64 per trial site) were selected. The entire right side of the selected carcasses was collected for dissection and chemical analysis of the soft tissue. Additionally, the left strip loin was collected for Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) determinations and aged to 28 days postmortem. Sensory analysis was conducted on the ID trial site samples only. All data were pooled for analyses. Feeding zilpaterol hydrochloride increased carcass muscle deposition (P < 0.01) of both steer and heifer carcasses. However, carcass percent fat of both steers and heifers was not affected (P > 0.11) by the zilpaterol treatment. In heifer carcasses, carcass moisture percentage was increased (P = 0.04) and bone percentage was decreased (P = 0.02), while carcass moisture and bone percentage were not affected (P > 0.10) in steer carcasses. In heifer carcasses, carcass ash percentage was not affected (P = 0.61) by zilpaterol while in steer carcasses carcass ash percentage tended (P = 0.07) to be increased. The protein-to-bone ratio was increased (P < 0.001) by zilpaterol hydrochloride treatment in both steers and heifers, while the protein-to-fat ratio was not affected (P = 0.10). Cooking loss of the LM was not affected (P = 0.41) by zilpaterol treatment of steers or heifers. However, LM WBSF was increased (P = 0.003) on average (3.3 vs 4.0 kg) due to zilpaterol hydrochloride treatment of both steers and heifers. In both steers and heifers, LM sensory panel scores of overall juiciness (6.2 vs 6.0), tenderness (6.2 vs 6.0), and flavor intensity (6.2 vs 6.0) tended (P = 0.06) to be decreased in cattle supplemented with zilpaterol. Zilpaterol hydrochloride is a repartitioning agent that seems to affect carcass composition primarily through protein deposition. However, zilpaterol treatment can adversely affect tenderness and other palatability traits.
Key Words: beef cattle • β-adrenergic agonists • carcass composition • tenderness • zilpaterol hydrochloride
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