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Effect of dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids and high levels of dietary protein on performance of sows

R. D. Mateo, J. A. Carroll, Y. Hyun^*, S. Smith and S. W. Kim^¶,

Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 , USDA-ARS-Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 , ^* Dodram B&F, Seoul, Korea , Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 ^¶ Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27603

sungwoo_kim{at}ncsu.edu

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) with or without high levels of protein on the performance of sows during first and subsequent parity. Sixty-four pregnant gilts with BW of 195.0 ± 2.1 kg and backfat (BF) thickness of 12.9 ± 0.2 mm were assigned to 4 dietary treatments from d 60 of gestation (late gestation) to d 21 of lactation. Dietary treatments were: 1) control (CON); 2) high protein (HP); 3) CON + 0.2% O3FA (O3); and 4) HP + 0.2% O3FA (HPO3). For CON and O3, CP contents were 12.3% for late gestation and 17.9% for lactation and were 18.4% for late gestation and 19.5% for lactation for HP and HPO3. On d 60 and 110 of gestation and after farrowing (within 12 h post-farrowing), d 10 and 21 of lactation; BW, BF thickness, and blood samples were obtained. Numbers of total and live born piglets and birth weights were measured within 12 h post-farrowing. Colostrum and milk samples were obtained on d 2 and 21 of lactation, respectively. All piglets were weaned at 21 d. Wean-to-estrus interval and ADFI were recorded. The same measurements were obtained from the CON and O3 groups during subsequent parity. Dietary treatment did not affect BW, BF thickness, ADFI, and wean-to-estrus interval of sows during their first reproductive cycle. Supplementation of O3FA increased both 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 contents in (P < 0.05) colostrum and mature milk. First-parity litter size and piglet BW at birth did not differ among treatment groups. Piglet BW was greater (P < 0.05) for the O3 compared to both CON and HPO3 groups at d 10 and 21 of lactation. The same pattern was also noted for overall piglet weight gain. Both piglet and litter characteristics of the HP group did not differ from other groups throughout lactation. During subsequent parity, both total and live piglet birth weight tended (P < 0.07) to be greater for the O3 than the CON group. Compared to the CON group, O3 piglet BW and weight gain showed a similar pattern to the previous parity. Results indicate that O3FA alone during lactation improved growth of nursing piglets regardless of parity. However, O3FA supplemented with or without high protein did not affect first-parity gestation performance, although O3FA alone may improve subsequent piglet birth weight in the subsequent litter.

Key Words: gestation • lactation • omega-3 fatty acid • protein • sow

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