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Absorption of carbohydrate derived nutrients in sows as influenced by types and contents of dietary fiber

Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark

knuderik.bachknudsen{at}agrsci.dk

Abstract

The current investigation was undertaken to study the absorption and plasma concentration of carbohydrate derived nutrients (glucose, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and lactate) and the apparent insulin production in sows fed diets containing contrasting types and contents of dietary fiber. Six sows were fed 3 experimental diets, low fiber (LF; 177 g dietary fiber and 44 g soluble fiber/kg DM), high soluble fiber (HF-S; 429 g dietary fiber and 111 g soluble fiber/kg DM), and high insoluble fiber (HF-I; 455 g dietary fiber and 74 g soluble fiber/kg DM), in a repeated cross-over design. Variations in dietary concentration and solubility of dietary fiber were obtained by substituting starch-rich wheat and barley in LF diet with dietary fiber-rich co-products (sugar beet pulp, potato pulp, pectin residue, brewer’s spent grain, pea hull, and seed residue with distinct physicochemical properties). The main carbohydrate component of LF diet was starch and non-starch polysaccharides (cellulose and non-cellulosic polysaccharides) for the 2 high-dietary fiber diets. Consumption of LF diet resulted in high and rapid glucose absorption at 0 to 4 h post-feeding. With HF-I diet, the glucose absorption pattern was similar but at a lower rate, while it was lower and delayed with HF-S diet (diet, P < 0.001; time, P < 0.001). These differences were also reflected in the insulin response. The quantitative absorption of SCFA at 0 to 10 h post-feeding was greater when feeding HF-S diet compared to LF diet (P < 0.001) and intermediate when feeding HF-I diet (P < 0.001). The study showed that feeding the high-dietary fiber diets resulted in a high and more uniform uptake of SCFA than when feeding the LF control. Moreover, the diet high in soluble dietary fiber reduced diurnal variation in glucose and insulin concentrations.

Key Words: absorption • catheterized sows • glucose • insulin • short-chain fatty acids

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