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This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: jas.2007-0313v1 86/11/2942    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Htoo, J. K. Articles by Zijlstra, R. T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Htoo, J. K. Articles by Zijlstra, R. T.

Effects of co-extrusion of flaxseed and field pea on the digestibility of energy, ether extract, fatty acids, protein, and amino acids in grower-finisher pigs

J. K. Htoo^*, X. Meng, J. F. Patience, M. E. R. Dugan^¶ and R. T. Zijlstra^*

^* Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5 , Food Science and Technology Centre, Alberta Agriculture and Food, Brooks, Alberta, Canada T1R 1E6; , Prairie Swine Centre Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7H 5N9; ^¶ Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1

ruurd.zijlstra{at}ualberta.ca

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to determine the ileal and total tract digestibility of individual fatty acids, ether extract, energy, protein, and AA in a mix of flax and field pea (FP) and to determine whether extrusion improves the nutritive value of this mix. Five barrows (23 kg initial BW) fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were fed 5 diets at 3 times the maintenance energy requirement according to a 5 x 5 Latin square design: a wheat and soybean meal control diet and 4 diets containing 30% raw or co-extruded FP plus 70% control diet, and chromic oxide as an indigestible marker. The 4 extrusion treatments included: 1) FP0, ground, non-extruded; 2) FP1, single-screw extruded; 3) FP2, twin-screw extruded with low intensity (screw speed 120 rpm; die temperature 110°C; water input 5 kg/h); and 4) FP3, twin-screw extruded with high intensity (300 rpm; 125°C; 11 kg/h). The ether extract concentration was 17.8, 19.6, 17.7, and 17.3% (as-fed) in FP0, FP1, FP2, and FP4, respectively. The ADF concentration was 13.2, 11.1, 11.4, and 13.7% (as-fed) in FP0, FP1, FP2, and FP4, respectively. After a 7-d acclimation, feces were collected for 2 d, and then ileal digesta for 2 d. Energy digestibility in the test ingredients was calculated using the difference method. Extrusion of FP did not affect the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of DM, OM, and CP for grower-finisher pigs. Extrusion increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD of GE and ether extract and the DE content of FP, and the AID of the Arg, Ile, Leu, Lys, Phe, Thr, and Val, and total fatty acids. Extrusion tended to increase (P < 0.10) the AID of linolenic acid. Single-screw extrusion resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) ATTD of GE, OM, ether extract, and DE content of FP and AID of saturated fatty acids than twin-screw extrusion. Single-screw extrusion resulted in a trend for higher (P < 0.10) AID of linolenic acid and total fatty acids than twin-screw extrusion. Twin-screw extrusion at high intensity resulted in a lower (P < 0.05) AID of saturated fatty acids than twin-screw extrusion at low intensity, indicating that equipment and conditions should be carefully controlled for the extrusion of FP. In conclusion, co-extrusion of flax and field pea increased digestibility of ether extract, fatty acids, energy, and AA.

Key Words: digestibility • extrusion • fatty acid • field pea • flax • pig