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ARTICLE |
1 The Ohio State University and The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Columbus OH 43210-1095
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mahan.3{at}osu.edu.
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Abstract |
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Two genetic lines with different lean gains evaluated various body measurements and indices of lean tissue in barrows and gilts from 20 to 125 kg BW. One genetic line was identified as the low lean line (280 g fat free lean [FFL]/d), while the second line was the high lean line (375 FFL/d). The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design using a 2 x 2 x 5 factorial arrangement of treatments in 6 replicates (n = 120 pigs). The 2 genetic lines and genders were provided ad libitum access to corn-soybean mixtures that met or exceeded their required amino acid requirements for their respective lean gain potentials. Six pigs of each gender and genetic line were harvested initially and at 25 kg BW intervals to 125 kg BW. Pigs harvested were measured for height, width, and length using metal calipers. Backfat and LM area were measured using real-time (RT) ultrasound with backfat depth also measured using A-mode ultrasound technology. Longissimus muscle area and backfat thickness at the 10th rib were measured on the chilled carcass. Data was analyzed using the MIXED PROC procedure of SAS with the animal as the experimental unit. Shoulders (P < 0.05) and lumbars (P < 0.05) were wider in the low lean genetic line and in barrows. Gilts and the high lean genetic line had less backfat and greater LM areas than the low lean genetic line. As BW increased there was a greater increase in FFL tissue and lower backfat depths in the high lean vs. the low lean genetic line. This resulted in a greater divergence of measurement values as BW increased. Femur weight, length, and cortical wall thickness were greater in the high lean genetic line but differences were not significant. The high lean genetic line had a greater (P < 0.01) organic matrix content in the femur and less ash, resulting in a lower percentage bone ash (P < 0.01). The results indicate differences occurred phenotypically between pigs having more muscle (wider hams) or more fat (wider shoulder and lumbar). The high lean pigs had increasing amount of lean tissue, particularly after 75 kg BW, and less backfat and less bone mineralization while the low lean line pigs had increased backfat and greater bone mineralization as BW increased. Real time ultrasound measurements using various formulae to estimate lean tissue produced values close to those determined from carcass measurements at 100 and 125 kg BW.
Key Words: body composition, carcass, growth, pigs
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