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Journal of Animal Science, Vol 76, Issue 4 1216-1231, Copyright © 1998 by American Society of Animal Science
JOURNAL ARTICLE |
R. C. Littell, P. R. Henry and C. B. Ammerman
Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0339, USA.
Mixed linear models were developed by animal breeders to evaluate genetic potential of bulls. Application of mixed models has recently spread to all areas of research, spurred by availability of advanced computer software. Previously, mixed model analyses were implemented by adapting fixed-effect methods to models with random effects. This imposed limitations on applicability because the covariance structure was not modeled. This is the case with PROC GLM in the SAS System. Recent versions of the SAS System include PROC MIXED. This procedure implements random effects in the statistical model and permits modeling the covariance structure of the data. Thereby, PROC MIXED can compute efficient estimates of fixed effects and valid standard errors of the estimates. Modeling the covariance structure is especially important for analysis of repeated measures data because measurements taken close in time are potentially more highly correlated than those taken far apart in time.
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C.-Q. Zhu, S. N. Popova, E. R. S. Brown, D. Barsyte-Lovejoy, R. Navab, W. Shih, M. Li, M. Lu, I. Jurisica, L. Z. Penn, et al. Integrin {alpha}11 regulates IGF2 expression in fibroblasts to enhance tumorigenicity of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells PNAS, July 10, 2007; 104(28): 11754 - 11759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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L F C Brito, A D Barth, N C Rawlings, R E Wilde, D H Crews Jr, Y R Boisclair, R A Ehrhardt, and J P Kastelic Effect of feed restriction during calfhood on serum concentrations of metabolic hormones, gonadotropins, testosterone, and on sexual development in bulls Reproduction, July 1, 2007; 134(1): 171 - 181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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W. Hu, M. R. Murphy, P. D. Constable, and E. Block Dietary Cation-Anion Difference Effects on Performance and Acid-Base Status of Dairy Cows Postpartum J Dairy Sci, July 1, 2007; 90(7): 3367 - 3375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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D. B. Carlson, J. W. McFadden, A. D'Angelo, J. C. Woodworth, and J. K. Drackley Dietary L-Carnitine Affects Periparturient Nutrient Metabolism and Lactation in Multiparous Cows J Dairy Sci, July 1, 2007; 90(7): 3422 - 3441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. A. A. Pires, A. H. Souza, and R. R. Grummer Induction of Hyperlipidemia by Intravenous Infusion of Tallow Emulsion Causes Insulin Resistance in Holstein Cows J Dairy Sci, June 1, 2007; 90(6): 2735 - 2744. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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D. B. Carlson, J. C. Woodworth, and J. K. Drackley Effect of L-Carnitine Infusion and Feed Restriction on Carnitine Status in Lactating Holstein Cows J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2007; 90(5): 2367 - 2376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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R. F. Cooke, N. S. Del Rio, D. Z. Caraviello, S. J. Bertics, M. H. Ramos, and R. R. Grummer Supplemental Choline for Prevention and Alleviation of Fatty Liver in Dairy Cattle J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2007; 90(5): 2413 - 2418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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R. Flores, M. L. Looper, R. W. Rorie, M. A. Lamb, S. T. Reiter, D. M. Hallford, D. L. Kreider, and C. F. Rosenkrans Jr. Influence of body condition and bovine somatotropin on estrous behavior, reproductive performance, and concentrations of serum somatotropin and plasma fatty acids in postpartum Brahman-influenced cows J Anim Sci, May 1, 2007; 85(5): 1318 - 1329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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G. R. Oetzel, K. M. Emery, W. P. Kautz, and J. E. Nocek Direct-Fed Microbial Supplementation and Health and Performance of Pre- and Postpartum Dairy Cattle: A Field Trial J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2007; 90(4): 2058 - 2068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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C. L. Kien, R. Blauwiekel, J. Y. Bunn, T. L. Jetton, W. L. Frankel, and J. J. Holst Cecal Infusion of Butyrate Increases Intestinal Cell Proliferation in Piglets J. Nutr., April 1, 2007; 137(4): 916 - 922. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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B. R. Ball Coelho, R. C. Roy, E. Topp, and D. R. Lapen Tile Water Quality following Liquid Swine Manure Application into Standing Corn J. Environ. Qual., March 1, 2007; 36(2): 580 - 587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. R Buff, N. T Messer IV, A. M Cogswell, D. A Wilson, P. J Johnson, D. H Keisler, and V. K Ganjam Induction of pulsatile secretion of leptin in horses following thyroidectomy J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2007; 192(2): 353 - 359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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G. I. Zanton, M. T. Gabler, and A. J. Heinrichs Manipulation of Soluble and Rumen-Undegradable Protein in Diets Fed to Postpubertal Dairy Heifers J Dairy Sci, February 1, 2007; 90(2): 978 - 986. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. Z. Odabasi, R. D. Miles, M. O. Balaban, and K. M. Portier Changes in Brown Eggshell Color As the Hen Ages Poult. Sci., February 1, 2007; 86(2): 356 - 363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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B. Badaoui, J. M. Serradilla, A. Tomas, B. Urrutia, J. L. Ares, J. Carrizosa, A. Sanchez, J. Jordana, and M. Amills Goat Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase {alpha}: Molecular Characterization, Polymorphism, and Association with Milk Traits J Dairy Sci, February 1, 2007; 90(2): 1039 - 1043. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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D. B. Carlson, N. B. Litherland, H. M. Dann, J. C. Woodworth, and J. K. Drackley Metabolic Effects of Abomasal L-Carnitine Infusion and Feed Restriction in Lactating Holstein Cows J Dairy Sci, December 1, 2006; 89(12): 4819 - 4834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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R. C. Rigden, D. M. Jandhyala, C. Dupont, D. Crosbie-Caird, N. Lopez-Villalobos, N. Maeda, B. Gicquel, and A. Murray Humoral and cellular immune responses in sheep immunized with a 22 kilodalton exported protein of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. J. Med. Microbiol., December 1, 2006; 55(Pt 12): 1735 - 1740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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I. Rosenfeld, D. Austbo, and H. Volden Models for estimating digesta passage kinetics in the gastrointestinal tract of the horse J Anim Sci, December 1, 2006; 84(12): 3321 - 3328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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T. A. Quinn, G. Berberian, S. E. Cabreriza, L. J. Maskin, A. D. Weinberg, J. W. Holmes, and H. M. Spotnitz Effects of sequential biventricular pacing during acute right ventricular pressure overload Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2006; 291(5): H2380 - H2387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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I. Mandeville, J. Aubin, M. LeBlanc, M. Lalancette-Hebert, M.-F. Janelle, G. M. Tremblay, and L. Jeannotte Impact of the Loss of Hoxa5 Function on Lung Alveogenesis Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2006; 169(4): 1312 - 1327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. R. Buff, B. R. Spader, C. D. Morrison, and D. H. Keisler Endocrine responses in mares undergoing abrupt changes in nutritional management J Anim Sci, October 1, 2006; 84(10): 2700 - 2707. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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