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Inadequacy of Purified Diets for Reproduction by Swine with Observations on an Added Deficiency of Pantothenic Acid^{1, 2,}

State College of Washington

Abstract

The results of this trial indicate that, as in previous work, the purified control diet used was not adequate to support satisfactory reproduction and lactation in brood sows.

Gilts fed the purified ration supplemented with all known required vitamins did not reproduce satisfactorily although they were normal in appearance. They all farrowed within normal limits of the 114th-day gestation period and produced litters of normal numbers. Some of the pigs, however, were in the process of resorption at the time of birth. The remainder of the pigs were weak at birth and were affected with some type of nervous disorder. All died within 36 hours after birth.

The omission of pantothenic acid from the vitamin supplement produced a deficiency syndrome in the gilts which was characterized by loss of appetite, reduced water intake, goose-stepping with the hind legs and an exudate on the skin. Diarrhea and, in two instances, rectal hemorrhages were also observed in the animals fed this ration. Although all of these animals conceived, they did not farrow nor did they exhibit any external signs of pregnancy. Autopsy revealed partially resorbed, macerating fetuses in the uterine horns of these animals. A hemorrhagiconecrotic cecocolitis and catarrhal gastroenteritis was also found in all of the animals.

¹ Published as Scientific Paper No. 862, Agricultural Experiment Stations, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, State College of Washington, Pullman, Washington.

² This work was made possible through grants from the Research Corporation, New York City, and from Armour and Company, Chicago. We are indebted to Dr. D. F. Green and Merck & Company, Rahway, New Jersey for supplying the crystalline B-vitamins. The cooperation of Dr. T. H. Jukes and Lederle Laboratories, Rockefeller Plaza, New York, in supplying folic acid is gratefully appreciated. The vitamin A and D oil (Oladal) was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. E. B. Carter, Abbott Laboratories, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois.

³ Present address: Department of Animal Husbandry, A. & M. College of Texas, College Station, Texas.

⁴ Present address: Department of Animal Industry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.