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Choline versus Betaine and Expeller versus Solvent Soybean Meal for Weanling Pigs¹

University of Illinois³

Abstract

A 20% crude protein corn-soybean meal ration fortified with minerals, vitamins A and D and 6 vitamins of the B complex (including a B₁₂ concentrate) was not improved by the addition of either choline or betaine. Since, in a previous test, choline significantly improved a similar ration without the vitamin B₁₂ concentrate it is suggested that B₁₂ has a sparing effect on the choline requirement of the pig.

The two solvent soybean meals used were superior to expeller soybean meal, using rate of gain as the criterion, when fed in rations equated to contain 20% crude protein.

¹ This study was supported in part by funds contributed by the A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company, Decatur, Illinois, and Central Soya Company, Inc., Fort Wayne, Indiana. The solvent soybean meals were supplied by the A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company, Decatur, Illinois. Crystalline thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid and pyridoxine were provided by the Lederle Laboratories, Pearl River, New York. The Vitamin B₁₂ concentrate and choline chloride were contributed by Merck and Company, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey. The betaine was kindly supplied by the International Minerals and Chemical Corporation, Toledo, Ohio.

² This study was conducted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science.

³ Animal Science Department, Urbana, Illinois. Acknowledgment is gratefully made to R. H. McDade, swine herds-man, and his associates for their assistance.