J. Anim Sci.
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J. Anim Sci. 2009. 87:56-64. doi:10.2527/jas.2008-1203
© 2009 American Society of Animal Science
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Nutritional, hormonal, and environmental effects on colostrum in sows1

C. Farmer*,2 and H. Quesnel{dagger}

* Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine R & D Centre, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1M 1Z3; and {dagger} Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Agrocampus Rennes, UMR 1079, F-35000 Rennes, France

2 Corresponding author: farmerc{at}agr.gc.ca

It is widely recognized that an early and high intake of colostrum is a major determinant of piglet survival during the early suckling period. The production of colostrum, however, is very variable among sows and the factors affecting this variability are not well known. Factors such as number of parity and genotype do seem to influence colostrum yield and composition. The endocrine status of the sow also affects the process of colostrogenesis and changes in the sow endocrine status can have an impact on quantity and quality of colostrum produced. Indeed, induction of parturition seems to play a role. Nutrition is undoubtedly a major factor that could be used as a tool to alter colostrum composition, with fat content being the most affected. Feed ingredients, such as yeast extracts and fermented liquid feed, were recently shown to alter colostrum composition, yet more research is needed to substantiate these effects. Very few data are available on the influence of environment on colostrum production; results suggest that heat stress has negative effects on colostrum composition. Considering the importance of colostrum for the survival, growth, and immune resistance of piglets, it is obvious that research on the development of new management systems is necessary to improve yield and composition of colostrum.

Key Words: colostrum • environment • hormone • nutrition • porcine • sow






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