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Efficacy of dietary selenium sources on growth and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing high endogenous selenium

R. D. Mateo^*, J. E. Spallholz^*, R. Elder, I. Yoon and S. W. Kim^*,1

^* Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409; and Seaboard Foods, Shawnee Mission, KS 66202; and and Diamond V Mills Inc., Cedar Rapids, IA 52407

¹ Corresponding author: sungwoo.kim{at}ttu.edu

A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of organic (Se-yeast, SelenoSource AF, Diamond V Mills Inc., Cedar Rapids, IA) and inorganic sources of Se on growth performance, tissue Se accretion, and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs fed diets with high endogenous Se content. A total of 180 pigs at 34.4 ± 0.06 kg of BW were allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments: a negative control without added Se (NC); 3 treatment diets with 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 mg/kg of added Se from an organic source; and a diet with 0.3 mg/kg of added Se as sodium selenite. Each treatment had 6 pens, with 6 pigs per pen-replicate. Experimental diets were changed twice at 66.1 ± 0.5 kg and 99.0 ± 0.9 kg of BW, and were fed until the pigs reached market weight. Growth performance was measured at the end of each phase. Upon reaching 129.9 ± 1.4 kg of BW, the pigs were transported to a local abattoir (Seaboard Foods, Guymon, OK), where carcass, loin, and liver samples were obtained. Hair and blood samples were obtained at the beginning and end of the study for Se analysis. Growth performance did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. Percent drip loss of the NC pigs was greater (2.41 vs. 1.75, P = 0.011) compared with pigs supplemented with Se. Pigs fed diets with added Se had greater Se concentrations in the liver (0.397 vs. 0.323 ppm, P = 0.015), loin (0.236 vs. 0.132 ppm, P < 0.001), serum (0.087 vs. 0.062 ppm, P = 0.047), and hair (0.377 vs. 0.247 ppm, P = 0.003) compared with the NC pigs. Percentage drip loss was linearly reduced [percent drip loss = 2.305 – (2.398 x Se), r² = 0.29, P = 0.007] as dietary organic Se concentration increased. The Se concentration (ppm) in the liver [liver Se = 0.323 + (0.291 x Se), r² = 0.33, P = 0.003], loin [loin Se = 0.122 + (0.511 x Se), r² = 0.57, P < 0.001], serum [serum Se = 0.060 + (0.113 x Se), r² = 0.33, P = 0.004] and hair [hair Se = 0.237 + (0.638 x Se), r² = 0.56, P < 0.001] increased linearly as dietary organic Se concentration increased. Slope ratio analysis indicated that the relative bioavailability of organic Se for percent drip loss and loin and hair Se response was 306, 192, and 197% of that for inorganic Se, respectively. The results of the study show a potential advantage of organic Se supplementation in reducing drip loss even when the basal diet contains an endogenously high Se concentration of 0.181 ppm.

Key Words: carcass • drip loss • growth performance • pig • selenium