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Feeding live cultures of Enterococcus faecium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces an inflammatory response in feedlot steers

D. G. V. Emmanuel^*, A. Jafari^*,1, K. A. Beauchemin, J. A. Z. Leedle^,2 and B. N. Ametaj^*,3

^* Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2P5; and Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Canada T1J 4B1; and and Chr. Hansen Inc., Milwaukee, WI 53214

³ Corresponding author: burim.ametaj{at}ualberta.ca

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of oral supplementation of the lactic-acid-producing bacterium Enterococcus faecium EF212 alone or in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) on mediators of the acute phase response in feedlot steers. Eight fistulated steers were used to study the effects of E. faecium alone or with yeast in a crossover design with 2 Latin squares, 4 steers within each square, and 2 periods. The length of each period was 3 wk, with a 10-d adaptation and an 11-d measurement period. The experimental diet contained 87% steam-rolled barley, 8% whole-crop barley silage, and 5% supplement (DM basis). In Exp. 1, treatments were control vs. the lactic-acid-producing bacterium E. faecium (6 x 10¹⁰ cfu/d). In Exp. 2, treatments were control vs. E. faecium (6 x 10¹⁰ cfu/d) and S. cerevisiae (6 x 10¹⁰ cfu/d). The bacteria and yeast supplements were blended with calcium carbonate to supply 6 x 10¹⁰ cfu/d when top-dressed into the diet once daily at the time of feeding (10 g/d). Steers fed the control diet received only carrier (10 g/d). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d 17 and 21 of each period, and serum amyloid A (SAA), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), haptoglobin, and alpha₁-acid glycoprotein (₁-AGP) were measured. Supplementation of feed with E. faecium had no effect on concentrations of SAA, LBP, haptoglobin, or ₁-AGP in plasma compared with those of controls. However, feeding E. faecium and yeast increased (P = 0.02) plasma concentrations of SAA, LBP, and haptoglobin but had no effect on plasma ₁-AGP. In conclusion, oral supplementation of E. faecium alone had no effect on the mediators of the acute phase response that were measured, whereas feeding of E. faecium and yeast induced an inflammatory response in feedlot steers fed high-grain diets. Further research is warranted to determine the mechanism(s) by which E. faecium and yeast stimulated production of acute phase proteins in feedlot steers.

Key Words: acute phase protein • direct-fed microbial • feedlot steer • probiotic • yeast