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Effects of plane of nutrition on in vitro fertilization and early embryonic development in sheep¹

E. Borowczyk^*, J. S. Caton^*,,, D. A. Redmer^*,,, J. J. Bilski^*, R. M. Weigl^*, K. A. Vonnahme^*,,, P. P. Borowicz^*,, J. D. Kirsch^*, K. C. Kraft^*, L. P. Reynolds^*,, and A. T. Grazul-Bilska^*,,,2

^* Department of Animal and Range Sciences, and Cell Biology Center, and and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105

² Corresponding author: Anna.Grazul-Bilska{at}ndsu.edu

Nutrition has been shown to influence several reproductive functions, including hormone production, oocyte competence and fertilization, and early embryonic development. To determine the effects of maternal diet on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and early embryonic development, ewes (n = 18; 47.0 ± 1.5 kg of initial BW) were divided into control and underfed (60% of control) nutritional planes for 8 wk before oocyte collection. Pelleted diets containing 2.4 Mcal of ME/kg and 13% CP (DM basis) were fed once daily. During the first 4-wk acclimation phase, control and underfed ewes were fed 1,000 and 600 g/d, respectively. From wk 4 to 8, control (adequate) ewes were fed to maintain BW and offered 720 g/d, whereas underfed ewes received 432 g/d (60% restricted). Synchronization of estrus was performed using progestagen sponges for 14 d. Follicular development was induced by twice daily injections of FSH on d 13 (5 units/injection) and 14 (4 units/injection) of the estrous cycle. Oocytes were collected from all visible follicles on d 15 of the estrous cycle. After IVF, the proportion of developing embryos was evaluated throughout an 8-d culture period. Under-nutrition decreased (P < 0.006) the rate of cleavage, number of blastocysts per ewe, and rate of blastocyst formation (from 79 to 64%; from 3.3 to 0.8; and from 31 to 8%, respectively). However, the number of visible follicles, total number of oocytes, number of healthy oocytes, percentage of healthy oocytes, number of cleaved oocytes, and morula formation per ewe were similar for control and underfed ewes. These data indicate that undernutrition of donor ewes, resulting in lower BW and BCS, has a negative effect on oocyte quality, which results in lower rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation.

Key Words: assisted reproduction • embryo • in vitro fertilization • nutrition • sheep