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ANIMAL NUTRITION |
* Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Station de Recherches Zootechniques, 97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe, F.W.I, France;
and
Station de Génétique Quantitative et Appliquée, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France; and
and
UMR Systèmes d’Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine, 35590 St-Gilles, France
2 Corresponding author: renaudeau{at}antilles.inra.fr
A total of 179 lactations obtained on 71 multiparous sows [30 Creole (CR) and 41 Large White (LW)] between June 2001 and July 2004 were used to determine effects of breed (CR vs. LW) and season (hot vs. warm) in a tropical humid climate on performance during a 28-d lactation period. Mean daily ambient temperature was greater during the hot season than during the warm season (26.0 vs. 23.8°C), and relative humidity was similar in both seasons (85% on average). For both breeds, ADFI was reduced (–700 g/d, P < 0.01), sow BW loss was greater (17 vs. 12 kg, P < 0.01), and piglet growth was reduced (197 vs. 210 g/d, P < 0.05) during the hot vs. the warm season. At farrowing, LW sows were heavier (255 vs. 186 kg, P < 0.01) and had less backfat (21 vs. 40 mm, P < 0.01) than CR sows. The growth rate of CR piglets was lower than that of LW piglets (192 vs. 215 g/d, P < 0.01). A breed x season interaction was observed (P < 0.05) for ADFI and sow BW loss. During the hot season, the reduction of ADFI was more pronounced in LW than in CR sows (–910 vs. –470 g/d). Regardless of the season, BW loss of CR sows remained constant (14.2 kg), whereas it increased during the hot season for LW sows (10 kg). The weaning-to-estrus and the weaning-to-conception intervals were not affected by breed or season and averaged 4.8 and 6.1 d, respectively. The rectal temperature was greater (0.3°C) during the hot season than during the warm season and greater in LW than in CR sows (39.1 vs. 38.8°C, P < 0.10). This study confirms the negative effect of hot season in a tropical humid climate on performance of lactating sows and that breed can have a significant effect on lactation performance. The results also suggest that CR sows are more heat tolerant than LW sows.
Key Words: breed • feed intake • lactation • performance • sow • tropical climate
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  J. L. Gourdine, J. P. Bidanel, J. Noblet, and D. Renaudeau Effects of season and breed on the feeding behavior of multiparous lactating sows in a tropical humid climate J Anim Sci, February 1, 2006; 84(2): 469 - 480. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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