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Effects of feed restriction and subsequent refeeding on energy utilization in growing pigs

P. A. Lovatto^*,1, D. Sauvant, J. Noblet, S. Dubois and J. van Milgen

^* Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Zootecnia, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; and INRA-INAPG UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et Alimentation, 16, rue Claude Bernard, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France; and and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR SENAH, 35590 Saint Gilles, France

¹ Corresponding author: lovatto{at}smail.ufsm.br

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the metabolic utilization of energy in crossbred barrows during feed restriction and subsequent refeeding. Ten pigs, initially weighing 52 kg, were used in 5 blocks of 2 littermates each. A 7-d adaptation period (P1) was used in which pigs were offered feed at 2.60 MJ of ME·kg of BW^–0.60·d^–1. This adaptation period was followed by a 7-d period (P2), in which 1 pig of each block continued to receive feed at the same level of feeding, whereas for its littermate a 40% reduction in feed intake was imposed (i.e., 1.55 MJ of ME·kg of BW^–0.60·d^–1). During the subsequent 7-d period (P3), both pigs were offered feed at 2.60 MJ of ME·kg of BW^–0.60·d^–1. After P3, pigs were fasted for 1 d. Heat production (HP) was measured for all pigs during the last 3 d of P1 and on all days for P2 and P3. Heat production was measured using an open-circuit respiration chamber. Energy and N balances were determined for P1, P2, and P3. The HP was partitioned into HP due to physical activity, the short-term thermic effect of feeding, and resting HP. Feed restriction during P2 decreased (P < 0.01) total HP, resting HP, short-term thermic effect of feeding, and retained energy, whereas HP due to physical activity was not affected by feed restriction (P = 0.50). Likewise, fecal and urinary N loss, protein gain, lipid gain, and ADG were reduced during feed restriction (P < 0.01). There were no differences in components of HP and metabolic utilization of energy between the 2 groups during P1 and P3. Nevertheless, urinary N loss was decreased (P < 0.05) and ADG increased (P < 0.01) during P3 for pigs that were restricted in P2. Compensatory growth after a period of feed restriction does not seem to be related to a change in the metabolic utilization of energy for gain but more likely is due to gain in water and gut contents.

Key Words: compensatory growth • feed restriction • heat production • pig

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