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ANIMAL GROWTH, PHYSIOLOGY, AND REPRODUCTION |
* Department of Animal Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; and
and
Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei 104, Taiwan
2 Correspondence: 50, Lane 155, Kee-Lung Rd., Sec. 3 (phone: 8862-8732-7350; fax: 8862-2732-4070; e-mail:sding{at}ntu.edu.tw).
Adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 (ADD1) drives the expression of several lipogenic genes in mammals. Polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease ADD1 mRNA abundance in differentiating porcine adipocytes. The current study was designed to explore the mechanisms by which PUFA inhibit the expression of ADD1 in porcine adipocytes. Porcine preadipocytes were differentiated for 24 h with 0 or 100 µM of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and mixtures of different concentrations of antioxidants to investigate the effect of DHA and antioxidants on the ADD1 mRNA abundance. We found the relative mRNA abundance was decreased by the addition of 100 µM DHA to the medium for porcine differentiating adipocytes, and adding an antioxidant mixture to the medium prevented part of the decrease in ADD1 mRNA abundance. These data suggest that DHA decreased the steady-state transcription factor ADD1 mRNA through a mechanism related to fatty acid peroxidation. Indeed, adding 7.5 µM vitamin E (a natural antioxidant) also restored the concentrations of ADD1 and fatty acid synthase mRNA, which were decreased by DHA treatment; however, the DHA or the antioxidant treatment did not change the expression of antioxidation genes (superoxide dismutase 1 and glutathione peroxidase 1) in porcine stromal vascular cells. When supplemented with the eicosanoid synthesis pathway inhibitors, the inhibition of the expression of ADD1 by arachidonic acid was partially recovered. These results suggest that the mechanism by which PUFA decrease ADD1 mRNA is due to the metabolic product of eicosanoids and peroxidation of these PUFA.
Key Words: Adipocyte Determination and Differentiation-Dependent Factor 1 • Arachidonic Acid • Docosahexaenoic Acid • Fatty Acid Synthase • Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids • Porcine
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