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Effects of ractopamine on performance and composition of pigs phenotypically sorted into fat and lean groups¹

K. J. Mimbs^*, T. D. Pringle^*,2, M. J. Azain^*, S. A. Meers^* and T. A. Armstrong

^* Edgar L. Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-2771; and and Elanco Animal Health, a Division of Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN 46240

² Correspondence—phone: 706-542-0997; fax: 706-542-0399; e-mail: dpringle{at}uga.edu.

Crossbred barrows (n = 144; 80 kg) from four farrowing groups were phenotypically selected into fat (FAT) and lean (LEAN) pens using ultrasound. The difference in 10th-rib fat depth between the LEAN and FAT groups was 0.5 cm. Within a farrowing group, pigs were assigned to pens (five pigs per pen and eight pens per phenotype) to equalize pen weight and fat depth. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal diet containing 19% CP, 1.0% added animal/vegetable fat, and 1.1% lysine (as-fed basis). Half the pens received 10 ppm (as-fed basis) of ractopamine (RAC) during the 28-d finishing phase. At 7-d intervals, live weight and feed disappearance were recorded to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F, and 10th-rib fat depth and LM area were ultrasonically measured to calculate fat-free lean and fat and muscle accretion rates. During the first 7 d on feed, LEAN pigs fed RAC gained less (P < 0.05) than FAT pigs fed RAC or LEAN and FAT pigs fed the control diet (RAC x phenotype; P = 0.02); however, RAC did not (P > 0.25) affect ADG after the second, third, and fourth weeks, or over the entire 28-d feeding period. Although wk-2 and -3 ADG were higher (P 0.03) in LEAN than in FAT pigs, phenotype did not (P = 0.08) affect overall ADG. Dietary RAC decreased (P 0.05) ADFI over the 28-d feeding trial, as well as in wk 2, 3, and 4, but intake was not (P > 0.20) affected by phenotype. Neither RAC nor phenotype affected (P > 0.10) G:F after 7 d on trial; however, RAC improved (P 0.04) wk-3, wk-4, and overall G:F. Lean pigs were more efficient (P 0.05) in wk 2 and 3 and over the duration of the trial than FAT pigs. Ultrasound LM accretion (ULA) was not (P 0.10) affected by RAC; however, LEAN pigs had greater (P 0.02) ULA in wk 2 and 4 than FAT pigs. Although fat depth was lower (P < 0.01) in RAC-fed pigs than pigs fed the control diet, ultrasound fat accretion rate indicated that RAC-pigs deposited less (P = 0.04) fat only during wk 4. In addition, calculated fat-free lean (using ultrasound body fat, ULA, and BW) was increased (P < 0.05) in RAC pigs after 3 and 4 wk of supplementation. In conclusion, RAC enhanced the performance of finishing swine through decreased ADFI and increased G:F, whereas carcass lean was enhanced through decreases in carcass fat and increases in carcass muscling.

Key Words: Growth • Fat-Free Lean • Phenotype • Ractopamine • Swine

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				S. L. Gruber, J. D. Tatum, T. E. Engle, M. A. Mitchell, S. B. Laudert, A. L. Schroeder, and W. J. Platter Effects of ractopamine supplementation on growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers differing in biological type J Anim Sci, July 1, 2007; 85(7): 1809 - 1815. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]