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Response to lysine in a wheat gluten diet in adult minipigs after short-and long-term dietary adaptation as assessed with an indicator amino acid oxidation and balance technique^1,2

C. C. Metges^*,3, K. J. Petzke, G. Backes, A. Elsner, P. Junghans^*, M. Derno^*, G. Nürnberg^* and U. Hennig^*

^* Research Units Nutritional Physiology, and Genetics and Biometrics, Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; and, and Unit Protein Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany

³ Correspondence: Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2 (phone: +49-38208-68650; fax: +49-38208-68693; e-mail: metges{at}fbn-dummerstorf.de).

An experiment was conducted to examine the response to wheat gluten (WG)-based diets at two lysine levels in adult minipigs (23 kg BW) using the indicator AA oxidation (IAAO) approach and N balance. Twenty minipigs (n = five per group), fitted with reentrant ileoileal cannulas allowing collection of ileal effluents, were fed restrictively two WG-based diets (WG and WG + Lys; 2.7 and 6.6 g of lysine/kg, respectively) for adaptation periods of 10 and 100 d. On d 7 and 9, for pigs fed the diets for 10 d, and on d 97 and 99, for pigs fed the diets for 100 d, primed i.v. fasted/fed tracer protocols with [¹³C]bicarbonate, and [¹³C]leucine were performed. With the WG diet, [¹³C]bicarbonate recoveries (%) were lower irrespective of the adaptation period, and higher during the fed period (fasted: WG + Lys = 82.5, and WG = 69.1; fed: WG + Lys = 90.6, and WG = 85.9; P < 0.05). Leucine oxidation rate was higher with the lower lysine intake (WG = 194.6 vs. 109.5 mg/[kg BW•d]; P < 0.05). Wheat gluten feeding resulted in a negative leucine balance independent of the adaptation period (WG = –29.1, and WG + Lys = 48.2 mg/[kg BW•d]; P < 0.05). In contrast with the IAAO method, N balance did not differ between the two lysine intakes, possibly because of an underestimation of N losses. The finding of a lower ¹³C bicarbonate recovery with the lower dietary lysine intake suggests that caution should be taken in using a single recovery factor for all AA oxidation studies.

Key Words: ¹³Carbon Bicarbonate Recovery • Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation • Leucine Tracer Balance • Minipigs • Nitrogen Balance • Wheat Gluten