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The effect of space allocation on barrow and gilt performance^1,2,3

Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, University of Nebraska, Concord 68728

⁴ Correspondence: 57905 866 Road (phone: 402-584-2816; fax: 402-584-2859; e-mail: mbrumm1{at}unl.edu).

Two experiments were conducted to determine the variation in response to space allocation between barrows and gilts and to examine an alternative allocation regimen for barrows and gilts. Experimental space allocations in both experiments were achieved by varying the number of pigs per pen in a fully slatted facility. In Exp. 1, barrows were given 0.58 and 0.65 m²/pig (nine and eight pigs per pen, respectively) and gilts were given 0.65 and 0.74 m²/pig (eight and seven pigs per pen, respectively). In addition, barrows at 0.58 m²/pig were fed diets formulated for barrows or diets formulated for gilts. Barrows grew 4.8% slower (P = 0.031) and ate 3.1% less feed daily (P = 0.062) at 0.58 vs. 0.65 m²/pig from 22 to 115 kg BW, with no difference in feed conversion, daily lean gain, carcass lean percent, or variation in weight within the pen at time of first pig removal to slaughter. There was no improvement in daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, lean gain, or carcass lean percent when gilts were given 0.74 vs. 0.65 m²/pig from 22 to 115 kg BW. There was no difference in performance between the population that consisted of barrows and gilts at 0.65 m²/pig vs. the population of barrows at 0.58 m²/pig and gilts at 0.74 m²/pig. There was no difference in performance by barrows at 0.58 m²/pig when fed either barrow or gilt diets, except for a slight increase (P = 0.078) in within-pen weight variation when the first pig was removed for slaughter for the barrows fed gilt diets. In Exp. 2, barrows and gilts were given 0.58 m²/pig or 0.74 m²/pig (18 vs. 14 pigs per pen) from weaning (mean age 17 d) to slaughter on d 168 postweaning. There were no interactions between space allocation and gender. Daily gain and feed intake were decreased by 2.8% (P = 0.037) and 2.9% (P = 0.084), respectively, with no effect on feed conversion or standardized fat-free lean daily gain for the 0.58 vs. the 0.74 m²/pig treatment, whereas total live weight gain per pen was increased 20.8% (P < 0.001). Results of Exp. 1 suggest that space allocation can be used to achieve similar growth rates between barrows and gilts, and results of Exp. 2 suggest that the response to space allocation is similar for barrows and gilts. The difference in magnitude of response to space allocation between experiments may be due in part to when the social group was formed, with a smaller difference in performance in Exp. 2 associated with a stable social group from weaning to slaughter.

Key Words: Gender • Pigs • Space Allocation