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Breed differences and genetic parameters of myoglobin concentration in porcine longissimus muscle^1,2

D. W. Newcom^*, K. J. Stalder^*,3, T. J. Baas^*, R. N. Goodwin^,4, F. C. Parrish^* and B. R. Wiegand

^* Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; and National Pork Board, Des Moines, IA 50306; and and Department of Agriculture, Illinois State University, Normal 61790

³ Correspondence: 109 Kildee Hall (phone: 515-294-4683; fax: 515-294-5698; e-mail: stalder{at}iastate.edu).

An evaluation of porcine longissimus myoglobin concentration was conducted to determine breed and gender differences for myoglobin content, estimate genetic parameters for myoglobin concentration, and determine the relationship between myoglobin content and objective measures of muscle color. Data from centrally tested (n = 255), purebred Yorkshire (42), Duroc (61), Hampshire (17), Chester White (28), Berkshire (67), Poland China (28), and Landrace (12) barrows and gilts from the 1999 National Barrow Show Sire Progeny Test were used. Ultimate pH and Hunter L were measured on the 10th-rib face 24 h postmortem. A section of bone-in loin containing the 10th rib was taken to the Iowa State University Meats Laboratory. At 48 h postmortem, Hunter L, CIE L*, a*, and b*, Japanese color score, and water-holding capacity were measured on the face of the 10th-rib loin chop. A slice from the 10th-rib loin section was evaluated for percentage of i.m. fat. The resulting loin chop was used for the determination of soluble myoglobin concentration (mg/g, wet basis). Chester White, Hampshire, and Duroc pigs had the highest (P < 0.05) myoglobin concentration (0.92, 0.95, and 0.85 mg/g, respectively), whereas Landrace had the lowest (0.62 mg/g; P < 0.05). No gender differences were detected for myoglobin concentration. The heritability estimate for soluble myoglobin concentration was 0.27. Residual correlations between soluble myoglobin and CIE L*, a*, b*, Hunter L (24 h), Hunter L (48 h), and Japanese color score were –0.17, 0.23, –0.15, –0.16, –0.13, and 0.13, respectively. These correlations are low but in the desired direction. The residual correlation between soluble myoglobin and intramuscular fat percent was 0.18. Results show that myoglobin concentration has a moderate heritability and could be used in a selection program to make pork loins darker in color.

Key Words: Genetic Parameters • Myoglobin • Pork • Quality

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