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Fat digestibility in Equus caballus follows increasing first-order kinetics¹

D. S. Kronfeld^*,2, J. L. Holland^*, G. A. Rich^*, T. N. Meacham^*, J. P. Fontenot^*, D. J. Sklan and P. A. Harris

^* Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061-0306; and Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76-100, Israel;and and Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, U.K.

² Correspondence: Dept. of Anim. and Poultry Sci. (phone: 540-231-6763; fax: 540-231-3713; e-mail: kronfeld{at}vt.edu).

Abstract

The digestibility of ether extract varies greatly from forages to grains and further to added fats consisting mainly of triglycerides. This variation has been attributed to two main factors, the presence of nonhydrolyzable substances in the ether extract, especially in leafy foods, and the dilution of endogenous fecal fat. A compilation of results from 188 equine digestion balance observations on five basal feeds and 18 test feeds with added fats demonstrated a true digestibility of fat approaching 100% and an endogenous fecal fat of 0.22 g•d^–1•kg BW^–1. The results revealed that nonhydrolyzable ether extract and endogenous fecal fat were insufficient to account for the difference between true digestibility and apparent digestibilities of ether extract in basal feeds and partial digestibilities of added fats in test feeds. A third possible contributing factor was demonstrated: an increasing first-order relationship between observed digestibilities (D, %) and the fat content of the feed (F, g/kg): D = 92.0 – 92.0e^(–F/342); r² = 0.81, P < 0.001. This equation indicates that 46% digestibility (half maximum) occurs at an ether extract or fat content of 24 g/kg, which is common in forages. It is consistent with fat digestibility or efficiency of absorption being a function of the rate of lipolysis, especially when residence time in the small intestine is limited. Consequently, we suggest that the kinetics of lipases, which are difficult to measure, may contribute to low digestibility when substrate concentration in the small intestine is low due to a low fat content in food. The status of vitamins A and E might be affected by low dietary fat contents and might be improved by fat supplementation.

Key Words: Digestibility • Enzyme Kinetics • Fats • Horses • Lipase

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