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Erythropoiesis regulation during the development of ascites syndrome in broiler chickens: A possible role of corticosterone¹

D. Luger^*, D. Shinder^*, D. Wolfenson and S. Yahav^*,2

^* Institute of Animal Science, ARO, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel and and Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel

² Correspondence:
Dept. of Poultry Sciences, P.O. Box 6 (phone: 972-8-9484415; fax: 972-8-9475075; E-mail:
yahavs{at}agri.huji.ac.il).

The ascites syndrome in broiler chickens is attributed to metabolic burdening, which results from intensive genetic selection for rapid growth coupled with exposure to extreme environmental conditions, such as low ambient temperature. These conditions impose on the broilers difficulties in fulfilling tissue demands for oxygen, and the birds exhibit a decrease in blood oxygen saturation and high hematocrit values. It is unknown whether the increase in hematocrit results from alteration in erythropoiesis or from fluid exudation out of the blood system to the abdominal cavity. The present study was conducted to examine the association between abnormal stress response and erythropoiesis process in ascitic broilers. Ascitic chickens revealed a uniquely continuous stress response: expressing an increase (P 0.05) in plasma corticosterone concentration 2 to 3 wk before death. At 5 wk of age, ascitic broilers exhibited an increase (P < 0.05) in hematocrit, blood cell count, and packed cells and blood volumes, with no significant change in plasma volume. These results confirm an accelerated erythropoiesis process in ascitic birds. Increased blood cell production in ascitic birds was matched by an increase (P < 0.05) in the proportion of immature red blood cells (23%) in comparison with broilers that remained healthy (7%), and by decreased (P < 0.05) hemoglobin content relative to red blood cells. We conclude that continually increased corticosterone concentrations, as an inducer of erythropoiesis proliferation and differentiation arrest, in ascitic chickens, resulted in increased production of red blood cells (partially immature) with decreased hemoglobin content; this decrease in hemoglobin might have contributed to enhanced development of hypoxemia and to aggravation of the syndrome.

Key Words: Ascites • Corticosterone • Erythropoiesis • Hemoglobin

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