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Effect of dietary fat sources on systemic and intrauterine synthesis of prostaglandins during early pregnancy in gilts^1,2

R. Chartrand^*, J. J. Matte^,3, M. Lessard, P. Y. Chouinard^*, A. Giguère and J. P. Laforest^*

^* Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada, G1K 7P4 and and Dairy and Swine R&D Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lennoxville, Québec JIM 1Z3

³ Correspondence:
Fax: 819-564-5507, E-mail:
mattej{at}agr.gc.ca.

The present experiment was conducted to determine the influence of dietary fatty acids C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 on the modulation of intrauterine synthesis of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and F₂ (PGF₂) during early pregnancy in pigs. Prostaglandin E₂ in uterine fluid has been previously reported to be associated with embryo survival and development. Thirty-two Yorkshire-Landrace nulliparous gilts were randomly allocated to four diets containing 5% supplemental fat. The four dietary treatments were: HT, hydrogenated tallow (26.5% C16:0 and 54.8% C18:0); SO, sunflower oil (61.3% C18:2n-6); LO, linseed oil (50.4% C18:3n-3); and SO_CLA, a mixture of sunflower oil and conjugated linoleic acids to provide 20% CLA. Treatments started 2 d after the first pubertal estrus (d -21) and lasted for 36 d (slaughter), which was 15 d after the second estrus (d 0; insemination). Fatty acids and PGE₂ were measured in the peripheral blood plasma on d -19, d -7, d 0, and d 14. Fatty acids in endometrial tissues and PGE₂ and PGF₂ in the uterine fluid collected on d 15 were also measured. Concentrations of fatty acids in the plasma reflected the content of fatty acids in the diet as early as d -7. From d -7, PGE₂ concentrations in the plasma were higher in gilts fed SO compared with HT (P < 0.05). Plasma PGE₂ concentrations were lower (P < 0.01) on d 14 in gilts fed LO compared with HT. Total PGF₂ contents in the uterine fluid of gilts fed LO were more than 70% lower (P < 0.05) than for the HT group. A similar trend was observed for total PGE₂ content and for the ratio PGF₂:PGE₂, but the effect (LO vs HT) was less marked (P < 0.07 and P < 0.10, respectively). There was no effect of SO or SO_CLA on total PGE₂ contents in the uterine fluid. Dietary enrichment in C18:2n-6 and/or C18:3n-3 for early pregnant gilts can influence fatty acids in plasma and endometrial tissue and can modulate circulatory and intrauterine prostaglandins.

Key Words: Fatty Acids • Pig • Pregnancy • Prostaglandins

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