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Division of Nutrition and Physiology, Institute of Animal Genetics, Nutrition and Housing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Berne, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
4 Correspondence: Experimental Station of the Division of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, University of Berne, Route de la Tioleyre 4, CH-1725 Posieux, Switzerland (phone: +41-26-4077294; fax: +41-26-4077297; E-mail: harald.hammon{at}itz.unibe.ch).
Plasma glucose concentrations in neonates are influenced by colostrum feeding and by glucocorticoids. We have tested whether a high-glucocorticoid status after birth, as well as colostrum feeding, influences glucose metabolism in association with changes of hepatic expression and activities of gluconeogenic enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK; EC 4.1.1.32) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC; EC 6.4.1.1) in neonatal calves. Calves (n = 14 per group) were fed either colostrum or a milk-based formula with nutrient and energy contents similar to colostrum. Half the calves in each feeding group were treated with dexamethasone (DEXA; 30 µg/[kg BW x d]). Pre- and postprandial blood samples were taken on d 1, 2, 4, and 5 and liver samples were collected on d 5 of life. Dexamethasone treatment increased (P 
0.05) plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and glucagon more in colostrum-fed than in formula-fed calves but increased (P 0.05) urea concentrations and decreased (P 0.05) concentrations of NEFA, ACTH, and cortisol independent of colostrum vs. formula feeding. Colostrum feeding increased (P < 0.05) plasma glucose, but decreased (P < 0.05) plasma urea concentrations. Glucagon-to-insulin ratios in DEXA-treated and colostrum-fed calves were decreased (P < 0.05). Dexamethasone treatment decreased hepatic mRNA levels and activities of PC (P < 0.001 and P < 0.10) and activities of PEPCK (P < 0.001) but increased (P < 0.001) the glycogen content. Colostrum feeding increased (P < 0.05) mitochondrial PEPCK mRNA levels and PEPCK activities in calves not treated with DEXA but decreased (P < 0.1) amounts of PC mRNA. In conclusion, increased plasma glucose concentrations after DEXA treatment were not associated with a stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme activities; however, colostrum feeding probably raised plasma glucose concentrations because of increased hepatic gluconeogenic activities.
Key Words: Calves • Colostrum • Glucocorticoids • Gluconeogenesis • Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase • Pyruvate Carboxylase
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