| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
,,4
* Departments of Animal Sciences and
and
Veterinary Pathobiology,
and
Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign 61801 and
and
Elanco Animal Health, Research and Development, Greenfield, IN 46140
4 Correspondence: 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana (phone: 217-244-2165; fax: 217-333-8804; E-mail: hgaskins{at}uiuc.edu).
Cultivation-independent microbial molecular ecology approaches were used to examine the effects of antibiotic growth promoters on the pig ileal microbiota. Five-week-old barrows were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum. Three diets meeting or exceeding the minimum nutrient requirements were fed for 5 wk and supplemented as follows: 1) negative control (no antibiotic; n = 5), 2) continuous tylosin administration (n = 5), and 3) an antibiotic rotation sequence (wk 1, chlorotetracycline sulfathiazole penicillin; wk 2, bacitracin and roxarsone; wk 3, lincomycin; wk 4, carbadox; wk 5, virginiamycin; n = 5). Ileal luminal contents were collected for DNA isolation at the end of each of the 5 wk of the testing period. The V3 region of 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR and analyzed via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Resulting PCR-DGGE band numbers (bacterial species) were counted, and the banding patterns analyzed by calculating Sorenson’s pairwise similarity coefficients (Cs), an index measuring bacterial species in common among samples. Band numbers and total bacterial DNA concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) temporally in antibiotic-treated pigs compared with controls. Comparisons between treatments yielded low intertreatment Cs indices, indicating treatment-dependent alterations in banding patterns, whereas intratreatment comparisons revealed increased homogeneity in antibiotic-treated vs. control pigs. Sequence analysis of treatment-specific bands identified three Lactobacillus, one Streptococcus, and one Bacillus species that were diminished with antibiotic rotation treatment, whereas tylosin selected for the presence of L. gasseri. Lactobacillus-specific qPCR was performed and analyzed as a percentage of total bacteria to further evaluate the effects of antibiotic administration on this genus. Total bacteria were decreased (P < 0.05) by tylosin and rotation treatments, whereas the percentage of lactobacilli increased (P < 0.05) by d 14 and through d 28 in tylosin-treated pigs. The decrease in total bacteria by antibiotics may reduce host-related intestinal or immune responses, which would divert energy that could otherwise be used for growth. Conversely, the ability of tylosin to improve animal growth may relate to its apparent selection for lactobacilli, commensals known to competitively exclude potentially pathogenic species from colonizing the intestine.
Key Words: Antibiotics • Intestine • Microbiota • Pig • 16S rDNA Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis • Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. A. Santos Jr., P. R. Ferket, F. B. O. Santos, N. Nakamura, and C. Collier Change in the Ileal Bacterial Population of Turkeys Fed Different Diets and After Infection with Salmonella as Determined with Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis of Amplified 16S Ribosomal DNA Poult. Sci., July 1, 2008; 87(7): 1415 - 1427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. D. Fastinger, L. K. Karr-Lilienthal, J. K. Spears, K. S. Swanson, K. E. Zinn, G. M. Nava, K. Ohkuma, S. Kanahori, D. T. Gordon, and G. C. Fahey Jr A Novel Resistant Maltodextrin Alters Gastrointestinal Tolerance Factors, Fecal Characteristics, and Fecal Microbiota in Healthy Adult Humans J. Am. Coll. Nutr., April 1, 2008; 27(2): 356 - 366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Zhou, J. Gong, J. T. Brisbin, H. Yu, B. Sanei, P. Sabour, and S. Sharif Appropriate Chicken Sample Size for Identifying the Composition of Broiler Intestinal Microbiota Affected by Dietary Antibiotics, Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Technique Poult. Sci., December 1, 2007; 86(12): 2541 - 2549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. S. Middelbos, M. R. Godoy, N. D. Fastinger, and G. C. Fahey Jr. A dose-response evaluation of spray-dried yeast cell wall supplementation of diets fed to adult dogs: Effects on nutrient digestibility, immune indices, and fecal microbial populations J Anim Sci, November 1, 2007; 85(11): 3022 - 3032. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. H. Agudelo, M. D. Lindemann, G. L. Cromwell, M. C. Newman, and R. D. Nimmo Virginiamycin improves phosphorus digestibility and utilization by growing-finishing pigs fed a phosphorus-deficient, corn-soybean meal diet J Anim Sci, September 1, 2007; 85(9): 2173 - 2182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. J. Apanavicius, K. L. Powell, B. M. Vester, L. K. Karr-Lilienthal, L. L. Pope, N. D. Fastinger, M. A. Wallig, K. A. Tappenden, and K. S. Swanson Fructan Supplementation and Infection Affect Food Intake, Fever, and Epithelial Sloughing from Salmonella Challenge in Weanling Puppies J. Nutr., August 1, 2007; 137(8): 1923 - 1930. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Hume, S. Clemente-Hernandez, and E. O. Oviedo-Rondon Effects of Feed Additives and Mixed Eimeria Species Infection on Intestinal Microbial Ecology of Broilers Poult. Sci., December 1, 2006; 85(12): 2106 - 2111. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Castillo, S. M. Martin-Orue, M. Roca, E. G. Manzanilla, I. Badiola, J. F. Perez, and J. Gasa The response of gastrointestinal microbiota to avilamycin, butyrate, and plant extracts in early-weaned pigs J Anim Sci, October 1, 2006; 84(10): 2725 - 2734. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. J. Dumonceaux, J. E. Hill, S. M. Hemmingsen, and A. G. Van Kessel Characterization of Intestinal Microbiota and Response to Dietary Virginiamycin Supplementation in the Broiler Chicken Appl. Envir. Microbiol., April 1, 2006; 72(4): 2815 - 2823. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Owusu-Asiedu, J. F. Patience, B. Laarveld, A. G. Van Kessel, P. H. Simmins, and R. T. Zijlstra Effects of guar gum and cellulose on digesta passage rate, ileal microbial populations, energy and protein digestibility, and performance of grower pigs J Anim Sci, April 1, 2006; 84(4): 843 - 852. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Hojberg, N. Canibe, H. D. Poulsen, M. S. Hedemann, and B. B. Jensen Influence of Dietary Zinc Oxide and Copper Sulfate on the Gastrointestinal Ecosystem in Newly Weaned Piglets Appl. Envir. Microbiol., May 1, 2005; 71(5): 2267 - 2277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. G. Manzanilla, J. F. Perez, M. Martin, C. Kamel, F. Baucells, and J. Gasa Effect of plant extracts and formic acid on the intestinal equilibrium of early-weaned pigs J Anim Sci, November 1, 2004; 82(11): 3210 - 3218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
