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Evaluation of the uterine environment and embryos of prepubertal gilts^1,2

Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201

³ Correspondence: 256 Weber Hall (phone: 785-532-1224; fax: 785-532-7059; E-mail ddavis{at}oznet.ksu.edu).

A series of three experiments was conducted to test the functional status of the uterus and embryos in prepubertal gilts. In Exp. 1, gilts were induced to ovulate by treating with gonadotropins followed by hCG 72 or 96 h later, and were artificially inseminated 24 h after hCG. Five of the 10 gilts treated at 120 d of age, but none of the gilts treated at 100 of age, maintained pregnancies. We next tested the function of the uterine environment by transferring embryos from postpubertal females into gilts of various ages that had been induced to ovulate but not inseminated (Exp. 2). Pregnancy rate at d 50 of gestation was 44% (4/9) for 100-d-old recipients, 67% (2/3) for 140-d-old recipients, and 60% (3/5) for postpubertal recipients (P > 0.20). Therefore, uteri of 100-d-old gilts are able to maintain pregnancies with conceptuses from postpubertal gilts. In Exp. 3, embryos from 100-d-old and postpubertal gilts were transferred into postpubertal recipients. Uterine horns of recipients were surgically separated before transfer, and embryos from 100-d-old and postpubertal females were transferred to opposite horns of some recipients (experimental). Other recipients received embryos from postpubertal females in both uterine horns (control). When examined on d 50 to 60 of gestation, three of five control gilts were pregnant and three of seven experimental gilts were pregnant (P > 0.50). In experimental recipients, the survival of embryos from 100-d-old gilts was 38% (8/21) compared to 57% (15/26) for embryos from postpubertal gilts (P > 0.30). Because all uterine horns of pregnant recipients contained fetuses, these results support the hypothesis that embryos from 100-d-old gilts are able to initiate and maintain pregnancies in the uteri of postpubertal gilts. Therefore, the uterine environment of 100-d-old gilts provides an environment that supports development of embryos produced by postpubertal gilts, and the embryos produced by 100-d-old gilts can survive and develop in the uteri of postpubertal gilts. It was only the combination of embryos and uteri of 100-d-old gilts that did not permit pregnancy to be maintained.

Key Words: Embryo Transfer • Pigs • Pregnancy • Prepubertal Females • Uterus