J. Anim Sci.
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J. Anim. Sci. 2003. 81:232-238
© 2003 American Society of Animal Science

Evaluation of vaccination against methyllycaconitine toxicity in mice1

S. T. Lee2,{dagger}, B. L. Stegelmeier{dagger}, K. E. Panter{dagger}, J. A. Pfister{dagger}, D. R. Gardner{dagger}, T. K. Schoch{ddagger} and L. F. James{dagger}

{dagger} USDA, ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84341 and and {ddagger} Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California 94710

2 Correspondence:
1150 E. 1400 N. (phone: 435-752-2941; fax: 435-753-5681; E-mail:
stlee{at}cc.usu.edu).

The purpose of this study was to determine whether larkspur toxins conjugated to protein carriers would promote active immunity in mice. Mice were injected with several larkspur toxin–protein conjugates or adjuvant alone to determine whether the resulting immunological response altered animal susceptibility to methyllycaconitine, the major toxic larkspur alkaloid. Although vaccinations increased the calculated lethal dose 50% (LD50) for intravenous methyllycaconitine toxicity, overlapping confidence intervals did not provide evidence of differences between the vaccinated and control groups. In the lycoctonine conjugate (LYC)-vaccinated group, mouse survival was related (P = 0.001) to serum titers for methyllycaconitine doses up to 4.5 mg/kg of body weight. When mice with low antibody titers were removed from the vaccinated groups in which titer was related to survival, the recalculated LD50 estimates were 20% greater than the LD50 of the control group. However, the 95% confidence intervals of the recalculated LD50 groups overlapped with the control groups. Overall, these results suggest that vaccination altered methyllycaconitine toxicity in mice and that vaccination may be useful in decreasing the effects of larkspur toxins in animals. Additional studies are warranted to continue development of potential larkspur vaccines for livestock.

Key Words: Delphinium • Lethal Dose • Mice • Toxicity • Vaccination




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