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A prolonged photoperiod improves feed intake and energy metabolism of weanling pigs

E. M. A. M. Bruininx^,2, M. J. W. Heetkamp^*, D. van den Bogaart^*, C. M. C. van der Peet-Schwering, A. C. Beynen, H. Everts, L. A. den Hartog and J. W. Schrama^*

Research Institute for Animal Husbandry, 8203 AD Lelystad, The Netherlands; and ^* Wageningen University, Department of Animal Science, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; and Nutreco Agriculture R&D,5830 AE Boxmeer, The Netherlands; and and Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Nutrition, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands

² Correspondence:
P.O. Box 2176 (phone: 0031 320293211; fax: 0031 320241548; E-mail:
e.m.a.m.bruininx{at}pv.agro.nl).

In a 2-wk experiment, the effect of photoperiod on performance and energy metabolism of newly weaned pigs was studied. Forty 4-wk-old crossbred weanling barrows weighing 8.0 kg (SE = 0.13) were assigned to one of eight groups (five pigs per group) based on BW and litter. Groups were allotted to one of two lighting schedules: 8 h light:16 h darkness or 23 h light:1 h darkness. Each group was housed in a climate respiration chamber. Piglets had ad libitum access to feed and water. Energy and nitrogen balances, heat production, ADFI, and ADG were measured weekly. Heat production, energy metabolism, and performance were unaffected (P > 0.10) by photoperiod during wk 1. However, in the 2nd wk ADFI (418 vs 302 g/d) and ADG (381 vs 240 g/d) were higher (P < 0.05 and P = 0.05, respectively) for pigs on the 23:1 h lighting schedule than for those on the 8:16 h schedule. Furthermore, heat production (P < 0.10), total energy retention, and energy retained as protein and as fat were higher (P < 0.05) during wk 2 in pigs on the 23:1 h lighting schedule (8, 125, 41, and 350%, respectively) than in those on the 8:16 h schedule. Moreover, metabolizability of energy tended to be higher (P < 0.10) and energy requirements for maintenance were lower (P < 0.05) during wk 2 for pigs on the 23:1 h schedule compared with those on the 8:16 h schedule (P < 0.10). In conclusion, exposing pigs to a longer period of light after weaning stimulated ADFI and ADG. In addition to the feed intake, the high ADG is due to an improved metabolizability of energy and a reduced energy requirement for maintenance. This study suggests that lighting schedule can be used as a tool to stimulate feed intake after weaning.

Key Words: Feed Intake • Heat Production • Lighting • Pigs • Weaning

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