Journal of Animal Science, Vol 78, Issue 4 1084-1099, Copyright © 2000 by American Society of Animal Science

JOURNAL ARTICLE

The effect of feed intake level on splanchnic metabolism in growing beef steers

H. Lapierre, J. F. Bernier, P. Dubreuil, C. K. Reynolds, C. Farmer, D. R. Ouellet and G. E. Lobley
Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lennoxville, Qc, Canada.

The effect of feed intake level (.6, 1.0, and 1.6 x maintenance energy and protein requirements, M) on splanchnic (portal-drained viscera [PDV] plus liver) metabolism was evaluated in six multicatheterized beef steers (398 +/- 27 kg), using a double 3 x 3 Latin square design. On the last day of each 21-d experimental period, six hourly blood samples were collected from arterial, portal, and hepatic vessels. Due to catheter patency, PDV fluxes were measured on five steers, and liver and splanchnic fluxes on four steers. Increasing intake elevated (P < .01) splanchnic release of total (T) amino acids (AA), through increases (P < .01) in PDV release of both essential (E) and nonessential (NE) AA, in spite of a tendency (P < .20) for increased liver removal of NEAA. The PDV release of AA N represented 27 and 51% of digested N for 1.0 and 1.6 x M, respectively. At 1.0 and 1.6 x M, the liver removed 34% of total AA released by the PDV. For individual AA, portal flux of most EAA increased (P < .05) with feed intake, and the increase (P < .10) in splanchnic flux was accompanied by increased arterial concentration for all EAA except histidine, lysine, and methionine. This suggests that these might be limiting AA for this diet. On a net basis, most individual NEAA were released by the PDV except glutamate and glutamine, which were removed by the digestive tract. There was a net removal of NEAA by the liver, except for aspartate and especially glutamate, which were released. Ammonia release by the PDV tended (P < .20) to increase with intake and represented 69, 53, and 45% of digested N at .6, 1.0, and 1.6 x M, respectively. Urea removed by the PDV, unaffected by intake, represented 32, 33, and 21% of the digested N. Arterial glucose concentration increased linearly (P < .01) with greater intake, whereas net liver and splanchnic glucose release increased in a quadratic (P < .05) manner. Net PDV glucose release represented 26% of net glucose hepatic release at 1.6 x M. Intake elevated (P < .10) both insulin and glucagon arterial concentrations, resulting from a larger increment of portal release (P < .01) than hepatic removal (P < .05). Intake-based variations in IGF-I and NEFA arterial concentrations (P < .05) were not related to changes in splanchnic metabolism. These results clearly show the crucial role of the splanchnic tissues in regulating the profile and quantity of AA and concentrations of glucose and pancreatic hormones reaching peripheral tissues.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. F. Cooke, J. D. Arthington, D. B. Araujo, and G. C. Lamb Effects of acclimation to human interaction on performance, temperament, physiological responses, and pregnancy rates of Brahman-crossbred cows J Anim Sci, December 1, 2009; 87(12): 4125 - 4132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Cassady, T. D. Maddock, A. DiCostanzo, and G. C. Lamb Initial body condition score affects hormone and metabolite response to nutritional restriction and repletion in yearling postpubertal beef heifers J Anim Sci, July 1, 2009; 87(7): 2262 - 2273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Kraft, D. Gruffat, D. Dardevet, D. Remond, I. Ortigues-Marty, and I. Savary-Auzeloux Nitrogen- and energy-imbalanced diets affect hepatic protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis differently in growing lambs J Anim Sci, May 1, 2009; 87(5): 1747 - 1758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. W. El-Kadi, R. L. Baldwin VI, K. R. McLeod, N. E. Sunny, and B. J. Bequette Glutamate Is the Major Anaplerotic Substrate in the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle of Isolated Rumen Epithelial and Duodenal Mucosal Cells from Beef Cattle J. Nutr., May 1, 2009; 139(5): 869 - 875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. F. Cooke, J. D. Arthington, D. B. Araujo, G. C. Lamb, and A. D. Ealy Effects of supplementation frequency on performance, reproductive, and metabolic responses of Brahman-crossbred females J Anim Sci, September 1, 2008; 86(9): 2296 - 2309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. W. El-Kadi, K. R. McLeod, N. A. Elam, S. E. Kitts, C. C. Taylor, D. L. Harmon, B. J. Bequette, and E. S. Vanzant Nutrient net absorption across the portal-drained viscera of forage-fed beef steers: Quantitative assessment and application to a nutritional prediction model J Anim Sci, September 1, 2008; 86(9): 2277 - 2287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Tagari, K. Webb Jr, B. Theurer, T. Huber, D. DeYoung, P. Cuneo, J. E. P. Santos, J. Simas, M. Sadik, A. Alio, et al. Mammary Uptake, Portal-Drained Visceral Flux, and Hepatic Metabolism of Free and Peptide-Bound Amino Acids in Cows Fed Steam-Flaked or Dry-Rolled Sorghum Grain Diets J Dairy Sci, February 1, 2008; 91(2): 679 - 697. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. F. Cooke, J. D. Arthington, C. R. Staples, W. W. Thatcher, and G. C. Lamb Effects of supplement type on performance, reproductive, and physiological responses of Brahman-crossbred females J Anim Sci, October 1, 2007; 85(10): 2564 - 2574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Berthiaume, M. C. Thivierge, R. A. Patton, P. Dubreuil, M. Stevenson, B. W. McBride, and H. Lapierre Effect of Ruminally Protected Methionine on Splanchnic Metabolism of Amino Acids in Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2006; 89(5): 1621 - 1634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. C. Velez and S. S. Donkin Feed Restriction Induces Pyruvate Carboxylase but not Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase in Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, August 1, 2005; 88(8): 2938 - 2948. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Raggio, D. Pacheco, R. Berthiaume, G. E. Lobley, D. Pellerin, G. Allard, P. Dubreuil, and H. Lapierre Effect of Level of Metabolizable Protein on Splanchnic Flux of Amino Acids in Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, October 1, 2004; 87(10): 3461 - 3472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Tagari, K. Webb Jr., B. Theurer, T. Huber, D. DeYoung, P. Cuneo, J. E. P. Santos, J. Simas, M. Sadik, A. Alio, et al. Portal Drained Visceral Flux, Hepatic Metabolism, and Mammary Uptake of Free and Peptide-Bound Amino Acids and Milk Amino Acid Output in Dairy Cows Fed Diets Containing Corn Grain Steam Flaked at 360 or Steam Rolled at 490 g/L J Dairy Sci, February 1, 2004; 87(2): 413 - 430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Hersom, C. R. Krehbiel, G. W. Horn, and J. G. Kirkpatrick Effect of the live weight gain of steers during winter grazing on digestibility, acid-base balance, blood flow, and oxygen consumption by splanchnic tissues during adaptation and subsequent feeding of a high-grain diet J Anim Sci, December 1, 2003; 81(12): 3130 - 3140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Savary-Auzeloux, L. Majdoub, N. Le Floc'h, and I. Ortigues-Marty Ryegrass-based diet and barley supplementation: Partition of nitrogenous nutrients among splanchnic tissues and hind limb in finishing lambs J Anim Sci, December 1, 2003; 81(12): 3160 - 3173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. N. Scheaffer, J. S. Caton, M. L. Bauer, D. A. Redmer, and L. P. Reynolds The effect of pregnancy on visceral growth and energy use in beef heifers J Anim Sci, July 1, 2003; 81(7): 1853 - 1861. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Majdoub, M. Vermorel, and I. Ortigues-Marty Ryegrass-based diet and barley supplementation: Partition of energy-yielding nutrients among splanchnic tissues and hind limbs in finishing lambs J Anim Sci, April 1, 2003; 81(4): 1068 - 1079. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Davis, T. L. Mader, S. M. Holt, and A. M. Parkhurst Strategies to reduce feedlot cattle heat stress: Effects on tympanic temperature,3 J Anim Sci, March 1, 2003; 81(3): 649 - 661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. C. Marini and M. E. Van Amburgh Nitrogen metabolism and recycling in Holstein heifers J Anim Sci, February 1, 2003; 81(2): 545 - 552. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. P. Blouin, J. F. Bernier, C. K. Reynolds, G. E. Lobley, P. Dubreuil, and H. Lapierre Effect of Supply of Metabolizable Protein on Splanchnic Fluxes of Nutrients and Hormones in Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, October 1, 2002; 85(10): 2618 - 2630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Lapierre, J. P. Blouin, J. F. Bernier, C. K. Reynolds, P. Dubreuil, and G. E. Lobley Effect of Supply of Metabolizable Protein on Whole Body and Splanchnic Leucine Metabolism in Lactating Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, October 1, 2002; 85(10): 2631 - 2641. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Doepel, H. Lapierre, and J. J. Kennelly Peripartum Performance and Metabolism of Dairy Cows in Response to Prepartum Energy and Protein Intake J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2002; 85(9): 2315 - 2334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]