Journal of Animal Science, Vol 77, Issue 5 1180-1187, Copyright © 1999 by American Society of Animal Science

JOURNAL ARTICLE

The effect of feeding level and physiological status on total flow and amino acid composition of endogenous protein at the distal ileum in swine

H. H. Stein, N. L. Trottier, C. Bellaver and R. A. Easter
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of BW, feed intake, and the physiological condition of the animal on the loss and amino acid composition of endogenous protein in swine. Ten growing barrows and five multiparous sows were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum for digesta collection. A protein-free diet was fed to all animals. The barrows were given free access to the experimental diet. The sows also were allowed to consume the diet on an ad libitum basis, and digesta were collected during lactation and in the following gestation period. In addition, digesta from the gravid sows were collected after restricting the sows to 2 kg of feed per day. For each animal group, the endogenous losses of protein and amino acids were calculated in relation to DMI, and the amino acid composition of endogenous protein was calculated. The total endogenous gut protein loss at the distal ileum of growing pigs, lactating sows, and gestating sows, given free access to feed, was 12.4, 9.4, and 11.2 g/kg DMI, respectively. These values were not different (P > .10). However, when gestating sows were fed only 2 kg/d, 17.8 g of endogenous protein was lost per kilogram of DMI, which was higher (P < .05) than for any of the other groups. This difference was mainly caused by higher (P < .05) losses of glycine, proline, and serine. There were no differences (P > .05) in amino acid composition of endogenous protein between growing pigs, lactating sows, and gestating sows given free access to feed, but restricted-fed gestating sows had an amino acid composition of endogenous protein that was significantly different from that of the other groups. The results from the experiment showed that age, BW, and the physiological condition of the animal have little or no effect on the amount of endogenous protein and amino acids lost at the distal ileum of hogs if calculated in relation to DMI. Likewise, the amino acid composition was not affected by the BW or physiological condition of the animal. However, DMI had a significant effect on endogenous protein losses in sows as well as on amino acid composition of endogenous protein.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				H. H. Stein, B. Seve, M. F. Fuller, P. J. Moughan, and C. F. M. de Lange Invited review: Amino acid bioavailability and digestibility in pig feed ingredients: Terminology and application J Anim Sci, January 1, 2007; 85(1): 172 - 180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Pacheco, C. G. Schwab, R. Berthiaume, G. Raggio, and H. Lapierre Comparison of Net Portal Absorption with Predicted Flow of Digestible Amino Acids: Scope for Improving Current Models? J Dairy Sci, December 1, 2006; 89(12): 4747 - 4757. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. O. Opapeju, A. Golian, C. M. Nyachoti, and L. D. Campbell Amino acid digestibility in dry extruded-expelled soybean meal fed to pigs and poultry J Anim Sci, May 1, 2006; 84(5): 1130 - 1137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Lapierre, D. Pacheco, R. Berthiaume, D. R. Ouellet, C. G. Schwab, P. Dubreuil, G. Holtrop, and G. E. Lobley What is the True Supply of Amino Acids for a Dairy Cow? J Dairy Sci, March 1, 2006; 89(e_suppl_1): E1 - E14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. H. Stein, C. Pedersen, A. R. Wirt, and R. A. Bohlke Additivity of values for apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in mixed diets fed to growing pigs J Anim Sci, October 1, 2005; 83(10): 2387 - 2395. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Moter and H. H. Stein Effect of feed intake on endogenous losses and amino acid and energy digestibility by growing pigs J Anim Sci, December 1, 2004; 82(12): 3518 - 3525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Doepel, D. Pacheco, J. J. Kennelly, M. D. Hanigan, I. F. Lopez, and H. Lapierre Milk Protein Synthesis as a Function of Amino Acid Supply J Dairy Sci, May 1, 2004; 87(5): 1279 - 1297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. R. Otto, M. Yokoyama, P. K. Ku, N. K. Ames, and N. L. Trottier Nitrogen balance and ileal amino acid digestibility in growing pigs fed diets reduced in protein concentration J Anim Sci, July 1, 2003; 81(7): 1743 - 1753. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. R. Smiricky, C. M. Grieshop, D. M. Albin, J. E. Wubben, V. M. Gabert, and G. C. Fahey Jr. The influence of soy oligosaccharides on apparent and true ileal amino acid digestibilities and fecal consistency in growing pigs J Anim Sci, September 1, 2002; 80(9): 2433 - 2441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]