J. Anim Sci.
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Mackie, R. I.
Right arrow Articles by Varel, V. H.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Mackie, R. I.
Right arrow Articles by Varel, V. H.

Journal of Animal Science, Vol 76, Issue 5 1331-1342, Copyright © 1998 by American Society of Animal Science

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Biochemical identification and biological origin of key odor components in livestock waste

R. I. Mackie, P. G. Stroot and V. H. Varel
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA. r-mackie@uiuc.edu

Animal production results in conversion of feeds into valuable products such as meat, milk, eggs, and wool as well as into unavoidable and less desirable waste products. Intensification of animal numbers and increasing urbanization has resulted in considerable attention to odorous gases produced from animal wastes. It is clear that animal manure was, and still is, a valuable resource. However, it may be a major obstacle to future development of the animal industry if its impact on the environment is not properly controlled. Poor odor prevention and control from animal wastes is related to a lack of knowledge of the fundamental nature of odor and its production by farm animals. Odor, like noise, is a nuisance or disturbance and there is no universally accepted definition of an objectionable odor. Thus, regulation and control of odors in the environment is difficult because of the technical difficulties of defining odor limits and their measurement and evaluation. A variety of direct (sensory) and indirect (analytical instruments) methods for measuring odor intensity and determination of individual or key odor components are discussed. The biological origins of the four principal classes of odor compounds, namely branched- and straight-chain VFA, ammonia and volatile amines, indoles and phenols, and the volatile sulfur-containing compounds, are reviewed. Because more than 50% of N from animals is excreted as urea, one strategy to conserve N in waste is to inhibit the urease enzyme that converts urea to ammonia. Laboratory studies to evaluate di- and triamide compounds to control urea hydrolysis in slurries of cattle and swine wastes are presented. Finally, a brief overview of various intervention strategies is provided. Multiple combinations of nutritional management, housing systems, treatment options as well as storage and disposal of animal wastes will be required to reduce environmental pollution and provide for long-term sustainable growth.


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
T. R. Whitehead, N. P. Price, H. L. Drake, and M. A. Cotta
Catabolic Pathway for the Production of Skatole and Indoleacetic Acid by the Acetogen Clostridium drakei, Clostridium scatologenes, and Swine Manure
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., March 15, 2008; 74(6): 1950 - 1953.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Environ. Qual.Home page
J. H. Loughrin, N. Lovanh, and R. Mahmood
Equilibrium Sampling Used to Monitor Malodors in a Swine Waste Lagoon
J. Environ. Qual., January 4, 2008; 37(1): 1 - 6.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Environ. Qual.Home page
J. Eriksen, P. Sorensen, and L. Elsgaard
The Fate of Sulfate in Acidified Pig Slurry during Storage and Following Application to Cropped Soil
J. Environ. Qual., January 4, 2008; 37(1): 280 - 286.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J ANIM SCIHome page
J. K. Htoo, B. A. Araiza, W. C. Sauer, M. Rademacher, Y. Zhang, M. Cervantes, and R. T. Zijlstra
Effect of dietary protein content on ileal amino acid digestibility, growth performance, and formation of microbial metabolites in ileal and cecal digesta of early-weaned pigs
J Anim Sci, December 1, 2007; 85(12): 3303 - 3312.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Poult. Sci.Home page
S. A. Roberts, H. Xin, B. J. Kerr, J. R. Russell, and K. Bregendahl
Effects of Dietary Fiber and Reduced Crude Protein on Ammonia Emission from Laying-Hen Manure
Poult. Sci., August 1, 2007; 86(8): 1625 - 1632.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN OCCUP HYGHome page
S. H. Gaffney and D. J. Paustenbach
A Proposed Approach for Setting Occupational Exposure Limits for Sensory Irritants Based on Chemosensory Models
Ann. Hyg., June 30, 2007; (2007) mem019v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
D. P. Keymer, M. C. Miller, G. K. Schoolnik, and A. B. Boehm
Genomic and Phenotypic Diversity of Coastal Vibrio cholerae Strains Is Linked to Environmental Factors
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., June 1, 2007; 73(11): 3705 - 3714.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J ANIM SCIHome page
S. L. Archibeque, D. N. Miller, H. C. Freetly, E. D. Berry, and C. L. Ferrell
The influence of oscillating dietary protein concentrations on finishing cattle. I. Feedlot performance and odorous compound production
J Anim Sci, June 1, 2007; 85(6): 1487 - 1495.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J ANIM SCIHome page
P. D. Le, A. J. A. Aarnink, A. W. Jongbloed, C. M. C. van der Peet Schwering, N. W. M. Ogink, and M. W. A. Verstegen
Effects of crystalline amino acid supplementation to the diet on odor from pig manure
J Anim Sci, March 1, 2007; 85(3): 791 - 801.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Environ. Qual.Home page
D. N. Miller and B. L. Woodbury
A Solid-Phase Microextraction Chamber Method for Analysis of Manure Volatiles
J. Environ. Qual., October 27, 2006; 35(6): 2383 - 2394.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J ANIM SCIHome page
D. N. Miller, E. D. Berry, J. E. Wells, C. L. Ferrell, S. L. Archibeque, and H. C. Freetly
Influence of genotype and diet on steer performance, manure odor, and carriage of pathogenic and other fecal bacteria. III. Odorous compound production
J Anim Sci, September 1, 2006; 84(9): 2533 - 2545.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J ANIM SCIHome page
S. L. Archibeque, D. N. Miller, H. C. Freetly, and C. L. Ferrell
Feeding high-moisture corn instead of dry-rolled corn reduces odorous compound production in manure of finishing beef cattle without decreasing performance
J Anim Sci, July 1, 2006; 84(7): 1767 - 1777.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J ANIM SCIHome page
B. J. Kerr, C. J. Ziemer, S. L. Trabue, J. D. Crouse, and T. B. Parkin
Manure composition of swine as affected by dietary protein and cellulose concentrations
J Anim Sci, June 1, 2006; 84(6): 1584 - 1592.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J ANIM SCIHome page
M. Z. Fan, L. I. Chiba, P. D. Matzat, X. Yang, Y. L. Yin, Y. Mine, and H. H. Stein
Measuring synthesis rates of nitrogen-containing polymers by using stable isotope tracers
J Anim Sci, April 1, 2006; 84(13_suppl): E79 - E.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Environ. Qual.Home page
D. M. Panetta, W. J. Powers, and J. C. Lorimor
Management Strategy Impacts on Ammonia Volatilization from Swine Manure
J. Environ. Qual., May 11, 2005; 34(3): 1119 - 1130.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Environ. Qual.Home page
D. N. Miller and E. D. Berry
Cattle Feedlot Soil Moisture and Manure Content: I. Impacts on Greenhouse Gases, Odor Compounds, Nitrogen Losses, and Dust
J. Environ. Qual., March 1, 2005; 34(2): 644 - 655.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J ANIM SCIHome page
T. C. Rideout, M. Z. Fan, J. P. Cant, C. Wagner-Riddle, and P. Stonehouse
Excretion of major odor-causing and acidifying compounds in response to dietary supplementation of chicory inulin in growing pigs
J Anim Sci, June 1, 2004; 82(6): 1678 - 1684.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J ANIM SCIHome page
D. N. Miller and V. H. Varel
Swine manure composition affects the biochemical origins, composition, and accumulation of odorous compounds
J Anim Sci, September 1, 2003; 81(9): 2131 - 2138.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Environ. Qual.Home page
S. M. McGinn, H. H. Janzen, and T. Coates
Atmospheric Ammonia, Volatile Fatty Acids, and Other Odorants near Beef Feedlots
J. Environ. Qual., July 1, 2003; 32(4): 1173 - 1182.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J ANIM SCIHome page
E. R. Otto, M. Yokoyama, S. Hengemuehle, R. D. von Bermuth, T. van Kempen, and N. L. Trottier
Ammonia, volatile fatty acids, phenolics, and odor offensiveness in manure from growing pigs fed diets reduced in protein concentration
J Anim Sci, July 1, 2003; 81(7): 1754 - 1763.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Environ. Qual.Home page
L. Merrill and L. J. Halverson
Seasonal Variation in Microbial Communities and Organic Malodor Indicator Compound Concentrations in Various Types of Swine Manure Storage Systems
J. Environ. Qual., November 1, 2002; 31(6): 2074 - 2085.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J ANIM SCIHome page
A. J. Moeser, I. B. Kim, E. van Heugten, and T. A. T. G. Kempen
The nutritional value of degermed, dehulled corn for pigs and its impact on the gastrointestinal tract and nutrient excretion
J Anim Sci, October 1, 2002; 80(10): 2629 - 2638.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J ANIM SCIHome page
D. N. Miller and V. H. Varel
An in vitro study of manure composition on the biochemical origins, composition, and accumulation of odorous compounds in cattle feedlots
J Anim Sci, September 1, 2002; 80(9): 2214 - 2222.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
V. H. Varel and D. N. Miller
Plant-Derived Oils Reduce Pathogens and Gaseous Emissions from Stored Cattle Waste
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., March 1, 2001; 67(3): 1366 - 1370.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Environ. Qual.Home page
D.F. McCrory and P.J. Hobbs
Additives to Reduce Ammonia and Odor Emissions from Livestock Wastes: A Review
J. Environ. Qual., March 1, 2001; 30(2): 345 - 355.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Environ. Qual.Home page
J.A. Zahn, A.A. DiSpirito, Y.S. Do, B.E. Brooks, E.E. Cooper, and J.L. Hatfield
Correlation of Human Olfactory Responses to Airborne Concentrations of Malodorous Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Swine Effluent
J. Environ. Qual., March 1, 2001; 30(2): 624 - 634.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Environ. Qual.Home page
J.A. Zahn, J.L. Hatfield, D.A. Laird, T.T. Hart, Y.S. Do, and A.A. DiSpirito
Functional Classification of Swine Manure Management Systems Based on Effluent and Gas Emission Characteristics
J. Environ. Qual., March 1, 2001; 30(2): 635 - 647.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 1998 by the American Society of Animal Science.