Journal of Animal Science, Vol 75, Issue 9 2445-2452, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Animal Science

JOURNAL ARTICLE

The relationship among dietary undetermined anion, acid-base balance, and nutrient metabolism in swine

J. F. Patience and R. K. Chaplin
Prairie Swine Centre Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. patience@sask.usask.ca

Dietary undetermined anion (dUA) reflects, in part, the net acid load contributed by the diet. Although dUA is known to influence performance and nutrient metabolism of swine, a lack of knowledge impairs its application to diet formulation. This study was undertaken to separate the effects of dUA from the individual electrolytes that constitute its calculation. Eighteen 35-kg pigs were fitted with indwelling venous catheters and fed one of three barley and soybean meal-based diets: a control diet (C), an acidogenic diet containing calcium chloride (A), or a compensated acidogenic diet containing alkaline salts of sodium and potassium, as well as calcium chloride (CA). Compared with diet C, diet A lowered (P < .05) blood pH, bicarbonate, and base excess and increased (P < .05) urinary ammonium, titratable acid (TA), and net acid excretion (NAE). Diet CA returned blood acid-base values to normal and reduced urinary ammonium, TA, and NAE relative to diet A. Total nitrogen balance was unaffected by diet. Diet CA increased (P < .05) water intake and urine output. Diet A, but not CA, increased (P < .05) serum ionized Ca and C1. Apparent Ca and S digestibility and retention were reduced by diet A, but not by CA. Sodium retention was enhanced (P < .05) by diets A and CA; potassium retention was impaired (P < .05) by CA. Dietary UA altered systemic and renal acid-base balance in pigs. Mineral, but not nitrogen, metabolism was affected by both dUA and specific ion effects.

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