Journal of Animal Science, Vol 75, Issue 8 2184-2191, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Animal Science

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Effect of feeding blends of Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated grains containing deoxynivalenol and fusaric acid on growth and feed consumption of immature swine

T. K. Smith, E. G. McMillan and J. B. Castillo
Shur-Gain, Research and Nutrition, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding diets containing combinations of the Fusarium metabolites deoxynivalenol (DON) and fusaric acid (FA) to starter swine. In all experiments, pigs of approximately 8.2 kg initial weight were fed diets containing blends of mycotoxin-contaminated corn, wheat, and barley for 21 d with growth and feed consumption determined weekly. In the first experiment, diets were determined to contain 0 microgram DON/g + 58.9 micrograms FA/g (control), 4.4 micrograms DON/g + 57.1 micrograms FA/g, 6.0 micrograms DON/g + 48.6 micrograms FA/g, and 7.5 micrograms DON/g + 57.4 micrograms FA/g. The feeding of all diets containing DON caused significant linear depressions in growth and feed intake after only 1 wk. Lower concentrations of DON and FA were fed in the second experiment with diets containing 0 microgram DON/g + 16.3 micrograms FA/g (control), .5 microgram DON/g + 14.3 micrograms FA/g, 1.1 micrograms DON/g + 14.1 micrograms FA/g, and 1.9 micrograms DON/g + 13.6 micrograms FA/g. There was a significant linear reduction in feed intake after 1 wk with increasing levels of dietary DON. Weight gains declined significantly only after 3 wk. Increasing amounts of FA combined with relatively constant amounts of DON were fed in the third experiment. By analysis, diets contained .5 micrograms DON/g + 2.9 micrograms FA/g (control), 2.2 micrograms DON/g + 12.2 micrograms FA/g, 2.5 micrograms DON/g + 15.6 micrograms FA/g, and 2.4 micrograms DON/g + 15.9 micrograms FA/g. In the 1st wk, the feeding of increasing amounts of fusaric acid combined with a relatively constant amount of DON caused a significant linear depression in weight gain. We concluded that a toxicological synergism exists between DON and FA when fed to immature swine and that FA concentrations in feeds should be determined whenever DON analysis is conducted.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C. K. Girish, E. J. MacDonald, M. Scheinin, and T. K. Smith Effects of Feedborne Fusarium Mycotoxins on Brain Regional Neurochemistry of Turkeys Poult. Sci., July 1, 2008; 87(7): 1295 - 1302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. K. Girish and T. K. Smith Effects of Feeding Blends of Grains Naturally Contaminated with Fusarium Mycotoxins on Small Intestinal Morphology of Turkeys Poult. Sci., June 1, 2008; 87(6): 1075 - 1082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. K. Girish, T. K. Smith, H. J. Boermans, and N. A. Karrow Effects of Feeding Blends of Grains Naturally Contaminated With Fusarium Mycotoxins on Performance, Hematology, Metabolism, and Immunocompetence of Turkeys Poult. Sci., March 1, 2008; 87(3): 421 - 432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Malekinejad, E. J Schoevers, I. J.J.M Daemen, C. Zijlstra, B. Colenbrander, J. Fink-Gremmels, and B. A.J Roelen Exposure of Oocytes to the Fusarium Toxins Zearalenone and Deoxynivalenol Causes Aneuploidy and Abnormal Embryo Development in Pigs Biol Reprod, November 1, 2007; 77(5): 840 - 847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Diaz-Llano and T. K. Smith Effects of feeding grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins with and without a polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent on reproductive performance and serum chemistry of pregnant gilts J Anim Sci, September 1, 2006; 84(9): 2361 - 2366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Accensi, P. Pinton, P. Callu, N. Abella-Bourges, J.-F. Guelfi, F. Grosjean, and I. P. Oswald Ingestion of low doses of deoxynivalenol does not affect hematological, biochemical, or immune responses of piglets J Anim Sci, July 1, 2006; 84(7): 1935 - 1942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. L. Raymond, T. K. Smith, and H. V. L. N. Swamy Effects of feeding a blend of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on feed intake, metabolism, and indices of athletic performance of exercised horses J Anim Sci, June 1, 2005; 83(6): 1267 - 1273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. V. L. N. Swamy, T. K. Smith, and E. J. MacDonald Effects of feeding blends of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on brain regional neurochemistry of starter pigs and broiler chickens J Anim Sci, July 1, 2004; 82(7): 2131 - 2139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. V. L. N. Swamy, T. K. Smith, E. J. MacDonald, N. A. Karrow, B. Woodward, and H. J. Boermans Effects of feeding a blend of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on growth and immunological measurements of starter pigs, and the efficacy of a polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent J Anim Sci, November 1, 2003; 81(11): 2792 - 2803. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. L. Raymond, T. K. Smith, and H. V. L. N. Swamy Effects of feeding a blend of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on feed intake, serum chemistry, and hematology of horses, and the efficacy of a polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent J Anim Sci, September 1, 2003; 81(9): 2123 - 2130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. V. L. N. Swamy, T. K. Smith, E. J. MacDonald, H. J. Boermans, and E. J. Squires Effects of feeding a blend of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on swine performance, brain regional neurochemistry, and serum chemistry and the efficacy of a polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent J Anim Sci, December 1, 2002; 80(12): 3257 - 3267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Notz, M. Maurhofer, H. Dubach, D. Haas, and G. Defago Fusaric Acid-Producing Strains of Fusarium oxysporum Alter 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol Biosynthetic Gene Expression in Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 In Vitro and in the Rhizosphere of Wheat Appl. Envir. Microbiol., May 1, 2002; 68(5): 2229 - 2235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]