Journal of Animal Science, Vol 73, Issue 2 496-507, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Animal Science

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Effects of free gossypol in the diet of pregnant and postpartum Brahman cows on calf development and cow performance

S. T. Willard, D. A. Neuendorff, A. W. Lewis and R. D. Randel
Texas A&M University, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Overton 75684, USA.

Pregnant Brahman cows (n = 38) and heifers (n = 12) were assigned, 90 d before expected calving dates, to one of three treatment groups: 1) 0 g of free gossypol(FG).animal-1.d-1 (FGHD) from soybean meal (SBM), controls; 2) 2 g of FGHD from SBM and cottonseed meal (CSM), low FG; or 3) 4 g of FGHD from CSM, high FG, to determine the effects of dietary FG on prepartum and postpartum cow performance, calf development, and selected blood variables. Prepartum and postpartum cow BW, 4-h milk production, and calf BW were similar (P > .10) among treatments. Following 84 d of treatment, cows receiving 4 g of FGHD tended (P < .10) to have greater erythrocyte fragility (EF) than cows given 0 or 2 g of FGHD. Mean EF for the 112-d postpartum period were greater (P < .05) in cows given 4 than in those given 0 g of FGHD. Dietary FG consumption by the dam did not affect (P > .10) calf EF. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in cows and T4:T3 ratio in calves were similar (P > .10) among treatments. After 84 d of treatment, cows receiving 4 g of FGHD had lower (P < .05) serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene than cows given 0 g of FGHD. At parturition, serum alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene were similar (P > .10) for all cows and calves. On d 7 and 28 after calving, alpha-tocopherol tended to be lower (P < .10) and beta-carotene was lower (P < .05) in calves given 4 than in those given 0 g of FGHD. Calf metacarpal medial cortex tended to be greater (P < .10) in calves from cows given 0 than in those from cows given 2 or 4 g of FGHD, and the lateral cortex (treatment x sex; P < .05) was smaller in male calves from cows given 4 than in those from cows given 0 g of FGHD but was not affected in female calves. By 96 to 105 d after calving, a greater number of (P < .05) cows consuming 4 and 2 g of FGHD experienced luteal activity, and a greater (P < .10) number than of cows receiving 0 g of FGHD had conceived by 112 d after calving. In summary, pre- and postpartum consumption of FG may have impaired some aspects of calf skeletal development and vitamin metabolism, although long-term performance of cows and calves was not affected.

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