Journal of Animal Science, Vol 71, Issue 5 1177-1186, Copyright © 1993 by American Society of Animal Science

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Effect of initial breeding weight and management system using a high-producing sow genotype on resulting reproductive performance over three parities

E. A. Newton and D. C. Mahan
Department of Animal Science, Ohio State University, Columbus.

A study was conducted with sows of a high-producing genotype to evaluate their reproductive performance using three breeding weights over a three-parity period in two management systems. A total of 114 F1 gilts (Landrace x Yorkshire) were used in a split-plot, randomized, complete block experiment conducted as a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in two replicates. Three gilt breeding weights of 120, 135, and 150 kg were achieved by feeding 1.8, 2.3, or 3.2 kg/d of a .73% lysine corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) diet, respectively, from 5 to 8 mo of age. Two locations, each with different management systems, were considered the main plot and consisted of 1) outside, concrete-floored gestation lots and indoor farrowing pens or 2) indoor gestation pens and farrowing crates. All sows were fed 1.8 (Parity 1) or 2.1 (Parity 2 and 3) kg/d of a .73% lysine C-SBM diet during the breeding and gestation periods, whereas a .82% lysine C-SBM diet with 5% added fat was available ad libitum during lactation. All sows lost weight during the first lactation; larger weight losses occurred as breeding weight increased (P < .01). During the second and third lactations the 135- and 150-kg sow breeding groups had less lactation weight change, whereas the 120-kg group lost more weight, resulting in a breeding weight x parity interaction (P < .01). The 120-kg breeding weight group consumed less feed (P < .05) for the three lactation periods than did the heavier weight groups. Initial breeding weight had no effect on number of pigs born (total, live) or pig and litter weights at birth. Pig mortality increased with increasing breeding weight (P < .01) and parity (P < .05), a response that was exacerbated when sows farrowed in pens vs crates. Postweaning breeding intervals and sow removal from the experiment were not significantly affected by initial breeding weight, but a numerically higher percentage of sows in the 120-kg group were anestrous or failed to conceive than the percentage of such sows in the heavier weight groups. These data suggest that an initial breeding weight of approximately 135 kg at 8 mo of age may be best when sows farrow in crates, whereas when sows farrow in pens a lower breeding weight may be more desirable.

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