J. Anim Sci.
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Journal of Animal Science, Vol 71, Issue 1 105-118, Copyright © 1993 by American Society of Animal Science

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Tissue equilibration and subcellular distribution of vitamin E relative to myoglobin and lipid oxidation in displayed beef

R. N. Arnold, S. C. Arp, K. K. Scheller, S. N. Williams and D. M. Schaefer
Department of Meat and Animal Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.

Supplementary alpha-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E) was fed to provide none (E0), 2,000 IU/d (E2000), 5.8 IU/kg live weight (E5.8), or 8.6 IU/kg live weight (E8.6) to steers that were individually fed mainly a corn diet. Three steers were placed on each of 10 treatments: E0, E2000, E5.8, E5.8 to d 126 then E0 to d 266, E0 to d 126 then E5.8 to d 266, E8.6, grazing followed by either E0 or E8.6 all with Holstein steers; and E0 and E2000 with crossbred beef steers. During the last 100 d, vitamin E consumption (International Units/day) averaged 96 for E0, 1,840 for E2000, 2,520 for E5.8, and 3,610 for E8.6. Concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in plasma and in liver and longissimus lumborum biopsy samples obtained every 42 d were elevated (P < .01) by vitamin E supplementation. Tissue saturation was approached at these vitamin E intakes causing similar incorporation of alpha-tocopherol with both per day and per BW supplementation strategies. Maximum accretion or depletion of alpha-tocopherol in plasma and liver occurred before 42 d, but accretion required 120 d and depletion required 180 d in longissimus lumborum. Vitamin E supplementation elevated (P < .01) concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in liver, lung, subcutaneous fat, omental fat, perirenal fat, kidney, diaphragm, spinal cord, longissimus lumborum, and plasma at slaughter with maximum accretion achieved (P < .01) in lung, subcutaneous fat, kidney, diaphragm, and spinal cord. Depletion was not achieved in longissimus lumborum and spinal cord (P < .01), subcutaneous fat (P < .06), and perirenal fat (P < .08) within 140 d. Vitamin E inhibited (P < .01) oxidation at the surface and center of longissimus lumborum steaks displayed for 19 d. Lipid oxidation occurred throughout E0 steaks, but metmyoglobin accumulation occurred more rapidly (P < .01) on the surface than in the center. Myoglobin and lipid oxidation were not concurrent events. Supplementation with vitamin E increased (P < .01) alpha-tocopherol concentrations in longissimus lumborum fractions (mitochondria, microsome, cytoplasm, connective, and remainder) but, except for connective tissue, the proportional distribution of total longissimus lumborum alpha-tocopherol was not affected (P > .1) by vitamin E supplementation. Vitamin E supplementation for at least 44 d at 1,300 IU/d is expected to incorporate adequate amounts of alpha-tocopherol into muscle (3.3 micrograms/g for longissimus lumborum) to produce beef with extended color and lipid stability.


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