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Journal of Animal Science, Vol 69, Issue 7 2947-2954, Copyright © 1991 by American Society of Animal Science

JOURNAL ARTICLE

The influence of disease on feed and water consumption and on pharmacokinetics of orally administered oxytetracycline in pigs

A. Pijpers, E. J. Schoevers, H. van Gogh, L. A. van Leengoed, I. J. Visser, A. S. van Miert and J. H. Verheijden
Dept. of Herd Health and Reprod., State University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.

In the present study the feed and water consumption and pharmacokinetic parameters of orally administered oxytetracycline were compared in clinically healthy pigs and in the same pigs following a challenge with Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae toxins. Endobronchial challenge with A. pleuropneumniae toxins was accompanied by anorexia, increased lassitude, labored breathing, fever, and increased white blood cell counts. Pleuropneumonia was evident in all pigs on autopsy. Following the challenge, both feed and water consumption were markedly reduced. In contrast to recommendations in the literature, it is concluded that drugs should not be administered to pneumonic pigs via water. In healthy pigs the oral bioavailability of oxytetracycline (50 mg/kg), given on an empty stomach, was 4.8% and the elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) was 5.92 h. After challenge, the pigs showed great variation in oxytetracycline plasma concentrations. In addition, the mean computed elimination rate constant (beta), t1/2 beta, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), and clearance in pneumonic pigs differed significantly (P less than .05) from the values found in healthy pigs. The elimination half-life (t1/2 beta), AUC, and volume of distribution (Vd area) were increased. In diseased pigs the mean of maximum plasma concentrations (.87 micrograms/ml) was reached after 7 h, in contrast to 1.74 h (1.87 micrograms/ml) in the healthy pigs.


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J. R. E. del Castillo, V. Laroute, P. Pommier, C. Zemirline, A. Keita, D. Concordet, and P.-L. Toutain
Interindividual variability in plasma concentrations after systemic exposure of swine to dietary doxycycline supplied with and without paracetamol: A population pharmacokinetic approach
J Anim Sci, November 1, 2006; 84(11): 3155 - 3166.
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Copyright © 1991 by the American Society of Animal Science.