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Effect of Dietary Soybean Meal on the Microscopic Anatomy of the Small Intestine in the Early-Weaned Pig¹

Texas A&M University, College Station 77843

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of soybean meal in postweaning diets on villus height (VH), villus shape and lamina propria depth (LPD) in the small intestine. Intestinal samples were taken at 25, 50 and 75% of the small intestine's length. The first experiment determined the normal effects of age on these structures in nursing pigs from 9 to 36 d of age. Villus height decreased (P < .01 at the 50 and 75% locations) and LPD increased (P < .01 at the 25% location) in a quadratic fashion with increasing age. In the second experiment, pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and fed one of three 20% protein diets: 1) protein from hydrolyzed casein (CAS), 2) soybean meal (SBM) or 3) a conventional corn-soybean meal diet (CSBM). Intestinal samples were taken 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 d post-weaning. Villus height decreased dramatically the first 3 d post-weaning, with a continuing decline until 12 d post-weaning. Averaged over the d 3 to 15 interval, VH were generally greater for pigs fed CAS than for pigs fed CSBM or SBM. Pigs fed SBM or CSBM had deformed villi, and pigs fed SBM had greater (P < .05) LPD at all intestinal locations, suggesting less mature enterocytes on the villi. These data suggest that feeding high concentrations of soybean meal to the pig post-weaning has a detrimental effect on the small intestine, but this effect was minimized when soybean meal was fed as part of a corn-based diet.

¹ Technical article no. 23855, Texas Agric. Exp. Sta. This research was supported partially by the Natl. Pork Prod. Council. Des Moines, IA, and the Am. Soybean Assoc. St. Louis, MO.

² Dept. of Vet. Anatomy.

³ Dept. of Anim. Sci. To whom reprint requests should be addressed.

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