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Comparisons of Expeller-Processed and Solvent-Extracted Soybean Meals as Protein Supplements for Cattle^1,2,

Iowa State University, Ames 50011

Abstract

Rate of disappearance of protein from Dacron bags suspended in the rumen, growth performance trials with steers, rat growth and N balance trials and a chemically available lysine assay were used to compare expeller-processed soybean meal with solvent-extracted soybean meal as supplemental proteins for steers. The percentage of protein remaining in Dacron bags averaged 75.6, 75.0, 50.1 33.0, 27.0 and 20.1 for expeller meal and 75.5, 60.9, 32.5, 18.0, 7.9 and 4.1 for solvent meal after 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 h of incubation. Average daily gains (kg/d) and protein efficiency ratios (kg gain/kg soybean meal consumed), determined from the steer growth trials, were .68, 7.19; .89, 3.56;.62, 6.58; and .88, 2.09 after 57 d and .69, 6.45;.83, 2.87; .67, 6.27 and .88, 1.81 after 98 d for steers fed 4 or 10% expeller meal and 4 or 16% solvent meal, respectively. There were no differences (P > .05) between the two soybean meals in digestibility, biological value of absorbed N or protein efficiency ratio (g gain/g protein intake) when fed to young rats. Lysine in expeller meal, determined by reaction with 1-flu oro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, was 92.8% available, whereas that of solvent-extracted meal was 98.5% available. Compared with solvent meal, expeller-processed meal was more slowly degraded in the rumen, was not adversely heat-damaged and was a superior protein supplement for young steers that were not being fed adequate dietary protein that escaped ruminal degradation.

¹ Journal Paper No. J-12454 of the Iowa Agric. and Home Econ. Exp. Sta., Ames. Project No. 2743.

² These studies were supported in part by a grant and a supply of expeller-processed soybean meal from West Central Cooperative, Ralston, IA.

³ Present address: International Nutrition, Inc., Omaha, NE.

⁴ Dept. of Anim. Sci.

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