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Influence of Dietary Protein, Fat or Amino Acids on the Response of Weanling Swine to Aflatoxin B₁^1,2,3,

North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7621

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted using corn from clean or aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁)-contaminated (182 ppb) sources. Weanling pigs (28 d) were fed one of eight dietary treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design. In Exp. 1 (192 pigs), treatments varied in corn source (clean or AFB₁-contaminated), CP level (18 or 20%) and added fat (0 or 5%). At the end of the 28-d growth trials, plasma samples were obtained. An AFB₁ x CP level interaction was detected (P < .05) for growth rate (ADG), feed intake (FI) and feed/gain ratio (F/G). Feeding AFB₁ reduced (P < .05) ADG (.30 vs .37 kg/d) and FI (.57 vs .66 kg/d) and increased F/G (1.88 vs 1.78) of pigs fed 18% CP diets. Performance of pigs fed 20% CP diets was not altered by AFB₁. Adding 5% fat to diets improved (P < .05) F/G but did not improve ADG of pigs fed AFB₁. There was an AFB₁ x CP x fat interaction (P < .05) for plasma cholesterol. Adding fat or increasing the CP level prevented the depression of plasma cholesterol in pigs fed AFB₁. In Exp. 2 (96 pigs), all diets contained 18% CP and the treatments varied in corn source (clean or AFB₁-contaminated), added L-lysine HCl (0 or .25%) and added DL-methionine (0 or .15%). Feeding AFB₁ reduced (P < .05) ADG of pigs fed the 18% CP diet (.44 vs .50 kg/d) but not of pigs fed diets supplemented with .25% lysine. The ADG of pigs fed added methionine was intermediate between that of pigs fed clean or AFB₁ corn without amino acid supplementation. There was an AFB₁ x methionine interaction (P < .05) for plasma triglyceride level. Adding methionine increased (P < .05) plasma triglycerides of pigs fed clean corn but not of pigs fed AFBI corn. These data confirm interactions between nutrients and the response of swine to AFB₁; therefore, tolerances for AFB₁ in swine cannot be established without considering levels of important dietary nutrients.

¹ Paper No. 11520 of the journal Series of the North Carolina ARS, Raleigh 27695-7601. The use of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the North Carolina ARS of the products named or criticism of similar ones not mentioned.

² Supported in part by the Corn Growers Associatation of North Carolina.

³ The authors express thanks to Heartland Lysine for providing L-Lysine HCl and Degussa Corp. for providing DL-methionine.

⁴ Contact for reprints: Dept. of Anim. Sci. and the Interdept. Nutr. Program, Box 7621.

⁵ Mycotoxin Lab., Dept. of Poult. Sci. and the Interdept. Nutr. Program.

⁶ College of Vet. Med.