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Genetic Parameter Estimates for Postweaning Traits of Beef Cattle in a Stressful Environment¹

University of Arizona, Tucson 85721

Abstract

Postweaning growth data, collected from a Hereford herd located in the Southwest, were used to estimate genetic parameters for weights and gains. The herd was maintained on unsupplemented range forage, and average weight losses from weaning to yearling age were 9% for bulls and 12% for heifers. Data were grouped into years with poor and good environments based on contemporary group means for gain from 8 to 12 mo. Postweaning growth data (12- and 20-mo weights, 8- to 12-mo gain and 12- to 20-mo gain) were analyzed by least squares methods with a model that included year of birth, sire within year of birth, age of dam and a covariate of age for 12- and 20-mo weights. Heritability estimates of 12- and 20-mo weights for bulls were .58 ± .15 and .55 ± .22 in good environments vs .32 ± .11 and 1.09 ± .15 in poor environments; for heifers these estimates were .19 ± .08 and .35 ± .12 in good environments vs .38 ± .07 and .47 ± .09 in poor environments. Heritability estimates of 8- to 12-mo and 12- to 20-mo gain for bulls were .32 ± .14 and .51 ± .24 in good environments vs .16 ± .11 and .09 ± .14 in poor environments; for heifers these estimates were .21 ± .08 and .14 ± .10 in good environments vs .10 ± .06 and .44 ± .10 in poor environments. Genetic correlations among the preweaning traits of birth and weaning weight and postweaning weight traits were positive and of a moderate to large magnitude, with the exception of birth and 12-mo weight in a poor environment (-.06 ± .49). Genetic correlations between 8- to 12-mo gain and birth weight in poor environment and weaning weight in all environments were negative (range from -.06 ± .33 to -.53 ± .41). Genetic correlations among 12- and 20-mo weights were large and positive in all environments. Relationships among gains were more variable.

¹ Published as paper no. 5093, Journal Series, Arizona Agric. Exp. Sta., Tucson.

² Dept. of Anim. Sci.