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Pituitary Porcine Growth Hormone (pGH) and a Recombinant pGH Analog Stimulate Pig Growth Performance in a Similar Manner¹

The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802 and Pitman-Moore Inc., Terre Haute, IN 47808

Abstract

This study was conducted to establish the extent to which different doses of pituitary porcine growth hormone (ppGH) increase pig growth performance. Pigs were treated daily for 11 wk with 0, 35 or 70 µg ppGH/kg BW. In addition, these effects were compared with those produced by treating pigs with 0, 35, 70 or 140 µg · kg BW^–1 · d^–1 of a recombinantly derived analog of porcine growth hormone (rpGH). This analog lacks the first seven amino acids at the NH₂ terminus. Growth rate was increased similarly by ppGH and rpGH (the maximal increase was 19%). Feed efficiency was improved by ppGH and rpGH (the maximal response was 25%). This improvement in feed efficiency was associated with a decrease in feed intake (17% with the largest dose of rpGH). Both ppGH and rpGH decreased adipose tissue growth and increased muscle mass. Carcass lipid was decreased by 68% in pigs treated with the largest dose of rpGH. The recombinant pGH analog appeared to be less potent than ppGH in decreasing adipose tissue growth rate. All other parameters measured, however, indicated that rpGH mimicked the biological effects of ppGH (including binding to pig liver membranes and induction of insulin-like growth factor I production). Sensory panel evaluations indicated that neither ppGH nor rpGH affected pork palatability. Larger doses of pGH (> 70 µg/kg BW) adversely affected pig mobility. This impairment in mobility appears to be due to osteochondrosis. Our findings establish that the rpGH analog is equipotent to ppGH in stimulating growth performance and that pigs can be treated without any significant adverse effects when they are treated with less than 70 µg of pGH · kg BW^–1 · d^–1.

¹ Authorized for publication as paper no. 7802 in the journal series of The Pennsylvania Agric. Exp. Sta. We thank Vern Hazlett and David Hosterman for swine care and Jim Watkins, Donald Butts, Gerald Smeal and John Ziegler for animal slaughter and assistance with the collection of carcass data. We also are grateful to Karen Magri, Martin Sillence, Paul Walton and James Wiggins for assistance with hormone injections and Roland Leach, Dept. of Poult. Sci., for evaluation of gross morphology of bones and cartilage.

² Dept. of Dairy and Anim. Sci., The Pennsylvania State Univ. Address reprint requests to T. D. Etherton.

³ Present address: Dept. of Anim. Sci., Choongbuk National Univ., Cheongju 310, South Korea.

⁴ Pitman-Moore Inc., Terre Haute, IN.

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