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The Effects of a High Monosodium Phosphate and Alpha Tocopherol Supplemented Milk Replacer Diet on Veal Muscle Color and Composition^1,2,3,

The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1095

Abstract

Thirty Holstein bull calves, divided randomly into two groups, were used to study the effect of supplemental P, fed as monosodium phosphate (MP) (18 g · calf^–1 · d^–1), and vitamin E (VITE), fed as coated dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (100 IU · calf^–1 · d^–1), 2 wk prior to slaughter on blood and muscle composition. Muscle pigments, blood pigments (BP) and blood and muscle mineral compositions were evaluated. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of the feeding period. All calves were on milk replacer diet for a total of 16 wk; the treated group received MP and VITE supplementation only during the last 2 wk. All calves were slaughtered at an average weight of 172 kg. Dietary MP and VITE supplementation did not (P > .05) affect BP values, but elevated (P < .05) serum P, Ca and VITE and reduced (P < .05) blood serum Na concentration. Muscle Fe concentration was lower (P < .05) in the MP and VITE supplemented group and was accompanied by lower (P < .05) myoglobin content, which resulted in a more desirable and profitable light-colored veal. A simple linear regression equation (Y = .573 + 128X) indicated that for every unit increase in tissue iron (X), myoglobin content (Y) increased by .128 mg/g of tissue. Maximum R (MAXR) regression analysis showed that a rapid hematocrit technique could predict the probability of veal calves producing undesirable dark veal (r = -.86, P < .01). Calves with hematocrit values greater than 33% are likely to produce unacceptable dark veal. Results indicated that supplementation with MP plus VITE late in the veal feeding program can be employed to regulate tissue Fe and myoglobin synthesis and to produce lighter-colored veal without making the calf anemic.

¹ Salaries and research support provided by State and Federal funds appropriated to the Ohio Agric. Res. and Dev. Center, The Ohio State Univ., Journal Article No. 167-87.

² Preliminary report of data appeared in the Proc. Reciprocal Meat Conf. 1986. Am. Meat Sci. Assoc. and Natl. Livestock and Meat Board. p 158 (Abstr.).

³ The assistance of Rick Wade of Super Veal Barn, Shreve, OH with diet preparation and animal care is gratefully acknowledged.

⁴ Dept. of Anim. Sci.

⁵ Dept. of Dairy Sci.

⁶ To whom reprint requests should be addressed.

⁷ Deceased.