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Effect of Acid and Alkali Treatment of Soybean Meal on Nitrogen Utilization by Ruminants¹

The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691

Abstract

Soybean meal (SBM) was treated with acid or alkali to determine effects on N solubility, in vitro NH₃–N accumulation, in situ N degradability, and N digestion and retention in growing lambs. The following SBM treatments resulted in decreased (P<.05) N solubility and in vitro NH₃–N accumulation compared with control SBM: spraying with 2.5 or 5% acetic or propionic acid, soaking in .5 N HCl, .5 N NaOH or .5 N propionic acid followed by air drying, and soaking in H₂O, .5 N HCl or .5 N propionic acid followed by drying at 100 C. In situ residual N was determined for SBM subjected to the above treatments. Soybean meal sprayed with 2.5 or 5% acetic or propionic acid had greater (P<.05) in situ residual N after 4, 8 and 12 h of incubation than control SBM. Soybean meal soaked in .5 N HCl or .5 N NaOH and air-dried, and soaked in H₂O, .5 N propionic acid or .5 N HCl and dried at 100 C had greater (P<.05) in situ residual N after 4, 8, 12 and 24 h of incubation than control SBM. In a lamb N balance trial, SBM treated by spraying with 5% acetic or propionic acid or by soaking in .5 N NaOH did not result in reduced N digestion compared to control SBM. Feeding SBM soaked in .5N NaOH resulted in a 39% increase (P<.05) in N retention compared with control SBM (5.21 vs 3.74 g/d, respectively). Five percent acetic acid treatment of SBM resulted in an intermediate increase in N retention. These trials demonstrate the efficacy of acid and alkali treatment of SBM, alone or in combination with heat treatment, to reduce ruminal protein degradability.

¹ Salaries and research support provided by State and Federal Funds appropriated to the Ohio Agr. Res. and Dev. Center, The Ohio State Univ., Journal Article No. 138-84.

² Present address: Dept. of Anim. Sci., Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.

³ Dept. of Anim. Sci.

⁴ Address reprint requests to: Dept. of Anim. Sci., Ohio Agr. Res. and Dev. Center, Wooster, OH 44691.