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Milk versus Soybean Protein Sources for Pigs: II. Effects on Amino Acid Availability¹

Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater 74078

Abstract

The effect of protein source and age of pig upon protein and amino acid availability was examined using five 4-wk-old gilts and five 90-kg barrows fitted with ileal T-cannulas. Pigs were fed semi-purified diets containing hydrolyzed casein (HCAS), calcium caseinate (CAS), isolated soybean protein (ISP), ethanol extracted soybean protein (ESOY) and soybean meal (SBM). Both apparent availability and true availability were determined based on the assumption that availability of amino acids (AA) from HCAS was 100%. The apparent availability of N and essential amino acids (EAA) at the terminal ileum in both early weaned and finishing pigs and total tract digestibilities in finishing pigs was higher (P<.01) when pigs were fed HCAS, CAS, ISP and ESOY than when fed SBM. For the early weaned pig, the apparent availability of N and AA was generally higher when protein was provided from casein than when from the soybean protein sources. The apparent availability of N and all AA, except cystine and glycine, increased with increasing age of the young pigs. The apparent ileal availability of EAA was lower in the younger pigs (93.3, 89.5, 85.8, 85.2 and 70.5%) than in older pigs (95.3, 93.1, 93.4, 92.7 and 80.6% for HCAS, CAS, ISP, ESOY and SBM diets, respectively). The apparent ileal availability of lysine, threonine and methionine for early weaned pigs fed SBM was 69.3, 69.3 and 59.3%, respectively. Apparent digestibility values over the total digestive tract were higher than values estimated at the ileum in the finishing pigs, reflecting net disappearance of N and AA in the hindgut. The average true AA availability estimates were very high and uniform among AA for both early weaned (90 to 96%) and finishing pigs (97 to 104%) on all diets.

¹ Journal Article No. 4767 of the Oklahoma Agr. Exp. Sta., Stillwater 74078.

² Present address: Anim. Sci. Dept., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville 32611.

³ Dept. of Anim. Sci.

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