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Reciprocal Cross Effects on Growth Hormone and Prolactin Secretion in Cattle: Influence of Genotype and Maternal Environment^1,2,

U.S. Department of Agriculture³, Clay Center, NE 68933

Abstract

The influence of prenatal maternal and reciprocal cross effects on growth and growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion in calves was investigated through the use of embryo transfer. Eight full-sib pairs of Angus-Red Poll reciprocal cross calves whose gestational development occurred in cows of either the Angus or Red Poll breeds were used in the study. The calves were nonsurgically transferred to recipient cows of each breed 8 d post-estrus. Three to five days after birth the calves were removed from their gestational dams and thereafter raised on milk replacer. The male calves were castrated at birth. At an average age of 61 d, blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals for an 8-h period via indwelling jugular cannula. The concentrations of GH and PRL were quantitated by radioimmunoassay. The temporal concentrations were analyzed and estimates of the secretory patterns determined. Sex influenced mean and basal GH concentrations and amplitude of GH peaks (P<.1). Difference between reciprocal crosses (Angus x Red Poll vs Red Poll x Angus) was significant for basal PRL concentration. Birth weight and 150-d weight were significantly affected by recipient breed and reciprocal cross was significant for 150-d weight, birth to 150-d average daily gain, and mean concentration and number of GH peaks. The interaction of recipient breed and sex was significant for 150-d weight and mean GH concentration. These data add secretion of GH and PRL to those traits influenced by prenatal maternal environment.

¹ Mention of trade name, proprietary products or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable.

² The authors acknowledge the invaluable service of Mike Buschow and crew in care of the calves, Donna Taubenheim in collection and analysis of the endocrine data and Marilyn Stones in preparation of the manuscript. The gifts of purified GH and PRL preparations and anti-oGH-serum by the Natl. Inst. of Health and the anti-oPRL-serum by Dr. D. J. Bolt are acknowledged with sincere appreciation.

³ ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Anim. Res. Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933.

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