J. Anim Sci.
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J. Anim Sci. 1985. 61:1587-1603.
© 1985 American Society of Animal Science
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Assessment of Pentachlorophenol Toxicity in Newborn Calves: Clinicopathology and Tissue Residues1

B. J. Hughes2, J. H. Forsell, S. D. Sleight, C. Kuo3 and L. R. Shull4,5,

Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824

Abstract

Newborn Holstein bull calves were fed either analytical pentachlorophenol (aPCP) or technical pentachlorophenol (tPCP) for 6 wk to establish and compare the clinical and pathologic manifestations of toxicity. Four groups of three calves/group were each fed either 1 or 10 mg·(kg body weight–1·d–1 of either aPCP or tPCP. A fifth group served as control. Dosages of both PCP preparations were normalized to contain equal concentrations of PCP. Toxic effects were observed only at the 10 mg/kg dose in the tPCP-treated calves. These effects included decreased body weight gain, anorexia, decreased serum protein concentration, elevated serum gamma glutamyl transferase, and decreased triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations. Histologic lesions included cortical atrophy in the thymus and squamous metaplasia and hyperkeratous changes in the Meibomian gland of the eyelid. Thyroid function, which was assessed in vivo by measuring the rate of T3 and T4 production over 4 h after thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-challenge, was not impaired suggesting an extrathyroidal site of toxic action. Although serum chemistry indicators were suggestive of hepatic injury there were no discernable lesions. Organ weight analyses were inconclusive but there was a tendency toward enlargement of liver, kidneys and thyroid and decreased weight of lungs, spleen and thymus. A toxic effect clearly related to PCP and not its contaminants was depressed active transport of p-aminohippurate measured in kidney slices in vitro. Steady state concentrations of PCP in serum were about 40 and 90 ppm for the 1 and 10 mg/kg groups, respectively. Concentrations of PCP among the major organs were comparable.

Footnotes

1 Michigan Agr. Exp. Sta. J. Article No. 11659.

2 Present address: Toxicology Program, Dept. of Anim., Dairy and Vet. Sci., Utah State Univ., Logan, 84322.

3 Present address: Smith, Kline and French, 1500 Spring Garden St., Philadelphia, PA 19101.

4 Present address: Dept. of Environ. Toxicol., Univ. of California, Davis 95616.

5 Appreciation is expressed by the authors to Mr. Donald Kirsch and Dr. John Gill for their assistance with the statistical evaluation of the data.






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Copyright © 1985 by the American Society of Animal Science.