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Response of Starter Pigs to Supplementation of Corn-Soybean Meal Diets with Organic Acids¹

University of Illinois^,4, Urbana 61801

Abstract

Four growth experiments were conducted to assess the effects of organic acid supplementation on performance of starter and finisher pigs. Three 4-wk starter experiments utilized 392 pigs fed simple corn-soybean meal diets. A fourth experiment employed 135 finisher pigs in a 6-wk study. Each of the starter experiments was initiated immediately after weaning; piglets were 30 ± 3 d of age. In Exp. 1, weanling pigs fed a 19% crude protein, simple corn-soybean meal diet were compared with pigs fed similar diets supplemented with 2% propionic, fumaric, or citric acid. Addition of each acid improved (P<.07) efficiency of gain, while propionate depressed (P<.05) feed intake. Additions of 1, 2, 3 or 4% fumarate were made in Exp. 2, resulting in linear daily gain and feed efficiency improvements (P<.05). In Exp. 3, a possible protein-sparing effect of fumaric acid was investigated. Increasing protein levels from 16 to 20% improved daily gain (P<.01) and feed efficiency (P<.0001); fumarate supplementation (2%) increased (P<.01) gain:feed. However, there was no protein x fumaric acid interaction. In Exp. 4, no treatment effects were noted with performance of finisher pigs fed a 14% crude protein, corn-soybean meal diet was compared with that of pigs fed similar diets supplemented with 1.5 or 3% fumaric acid.

¹ The assistance of Scott Williamson, Howard Cook, Steve Heffernan, Dale Alexander, Ron Brewer and Rick Keever with diet preparation and animal care is gratefully acknowledged. Additionally, the assistance of Wendy Winkler-Schillo in preparation of this manuscript is greatly appreciated.

² Supported by Hunter Fellowship in Anim. Sci.

³ Reprint requests should be addressed to this author at 318 Mumford Hall, 1301 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801.

⁴ Dept. of Anim. Sci.