J. Anim Sci.
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J. Anim Sci. 1985. 60:1260-1271.
© 1985 American Society of Animal Science
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Endocrine Adaptations of Periparturient Swine to Alteration of Dietary Energy Source

N. C. Steele, J. P. McMurtry and R. W. Rosebrough1

US Department of Agriculture,2,3,, Beltsville, MD 20705

Abstract

Lipid compared with carbohydrate calories in the diet of peripartal sows was examined for specific metabolic effects. Blood samples from second-parity Yorkshire sows fed isocaloric-isonitrogenous diets that differed by either glucose or corn oil supplying 20% of the daily metabolizable energy intake were assayed for growth hormone (GH), insulin and prolactin (PRL) concentrations. On d 97 to 103 of gestation, serum GH levels were reduced following feed intake; the reduction was greater (P<.05) in glucose-fed sows during the post-prandial period. Insulin concentration was increased following consumption of either diet, but to a greater (P<.05) extent in glucose-fed sows corresponding to the greater (P<.05) blood glucose response. Basal, fasting concentrations of PRL were not affected by dietary energy source; however, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) infusion resulted in a greater (P<.05) PRL response of fat-fed sows. Samples obtained on d 8 to 11 of lactation revealed that TRH stimulated (P<.05) GH secretion and the response was greater (P<.05) in fat-fed sows. Plasma insulin concentration was increased (P<.05) following feeding, and the increase was greater (P<.05) in glucose-fed sows. Similar to the response measured in gestating sows, TRH-induced increases in PRL was greater in fat-fed, lactating sows. Sham-nursing did not influence maternal PRL concentration compared with the immediate increase noted following natural nursing. No effect of dietary energy source on reproductive performance characteristics was noted. Results of this study have shown that dietary lipid, compared with carbohydrate, selectively increased the sensitivity of the pituitary gland to a GH and PRL secretagogue such as TRH. The beneficial effects of lipid in the diet of peripartal swine may be attributable, in part, to the effect of dietary lipid on maternal pituitary PRL synthesis and(or) release.

Footnotes

1 The authors acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of D. R. Haines in the preparation of animals and assistance in sample collection and analyses and D. B. Brocht and M. B. Nichols in the conduct of radioimmunological analyses.

2 USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Science Institute, Nonruminant Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705.

3 Mention of trade names, proprietary product or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA or imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable.






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Copyright © 1985 by the American Society of Animal Science.