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Wheat Middlings as a Source of Energy, Amino Acids, Phosphorus and Pellet Binding Quality for Swine Diets^1,2,

Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824

Abstract

Two performance trials and a N-energy balance trial were conducted to evaluate wheat middlings (midds), processed from Michigan soft white winter wheat, in pelleted swine diets. In Exp. 1, midds replaced corn on an equalweight basis at 0, 10, 20 and 30% of the diet. Diets were calculated to be nutritionally adequate during the starter, grower and finisher phases. Increasing the level of midds in starter diets increased (P<.01) the feed required per unit of gain (F/G). Feed consumption increased with increasing levels of midds during the finisher phase, with no appreciable increase in average daily gain (ADG). Overall (16 wk), there were linear increases (P<.01) of feed intake and F/G with additions of midds. There was a linear depression (P<.01) of loin color, firmness and marbling scores as percentage of midds in the diet increased. Swine grower and finisher diets in Exp. 2 were formulated to take advantage of the lysine (.69%) and P (.90%) values of midds and the pellet-binding qualities of midds. Midds were incorporated into diets at 0, 20, 40 and 60%. Overall, ADG was linearly depressed (P<.01) with increasing levels of midds. Feed/gain linearly increased (P<.01) with increasing levels of midds in finisher diets. Yield and metatarsal ash decreased (P<.01) linearly with increasing levels of midds. Diets containing midds required more (P<.01) force to crush pellets than diets containing a pellet binder. The addition of midds did not reduce apparent protein digestibility (APD), whereas the 20% midds diet maximized apparent biological value (ABV) and net protein value (NPV). Diets containing 40 and 60% midds depressed (P<.01) ABV and NPV. By extrapolation of efficiency of gain data from the finishing phase of Exp. 2, the metabolizable energy of midds was estimated to be 2.99 kcal/g.

¹ Michigan Agr. Exp. Sta. Journal Article No. 11179.

² Gratitude is extended to Drs. P. P. Telle and M. E. Wastell and Mr. P. Mullineaux formerly of Farm Bureau Services, Inc. for their assistance in obtaining ingredients and mixing and pelleting the diets.

³ Dept. of Anim. Sci. Send reprint requests to E. R. Miller.

⁴ Present address: School of Vet. Med., Tufts Univ., N. Grafton, MA 01536.

⁵ Present address: Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, MO 63164.

⁶ Dept. of Agr. Econ.

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